2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(十)及答案|2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(七)

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　SectionⅠ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )

　　One reason human beings can thrive in all kinds of climates is that they can control the qualities of the air in the enclosed spaces in which they live. Air conditioning is the use of mechanical systems to 1 that control in such places 2 homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles. The most familiar type of air conditioning is summertime cooling. Although important, this is 3 one of several aspects of air conditioning. Other applications 4 the control of the humidity (or air moisture), cleanliness, circulation of the air, and heating.

　　Tests have 5 that people generally feel best 6 certain temperature, humidity, and air velocity conditions. Temperatures can 7 from 21.5°C with 70 percent relative humidity to 28°C with 30 percent relative humidity. Relative humidity is the 8 of moisture in the air 9 a specific temperature compared 10 the amount it could hold at that temperature. 11 air velocities range from 4.5 to 10.5 meters per minute. It is also desirable that an air conditioner 12 dust, pollen, smoke, and odors from the air.

　　In many industrial environments, air conditioning is essential. Most print shops, for example, 13 constant humidity in order to control paper shrinkage and 14 the 15 operation in some processes. Libraries, especially ones with rare books, require air control to 16 the physical quality of their collections. Bakeries and the tobacco and cotton industries require high humidity 17 their products, and perishables such as fruits must be stored in cool, dry rooms. Some electronic components, drugs, and chemicals must be manufactured 18 the air is as free as possible 19 dust and other particles. Air conditioning is 20 in hospitals, especially in operating rooms.

　　1. A. achieve B. avail C. amount to D. assign

　　2. A. like B. as C. for D. to

　　3. A. but B. like C. as to D. mere

　　4. A. include B. contain C. consist D. comprise

　　5. A. determined B. caused C. maintained D. achieved

　　6. A. at B. around C. within D. under

　　7. A. alter B. range C. differ D. move

　　8. A. qualityB. sum C. amount D. number

　　9. A. under B. inside C. on D. at

　　10. A. to B. with C. against D. at

　　11. A. Agreeable B. Appreciable C. Amenable D. Available

　　12. A. remove B. to remove C. removes D. removing

　　13. A. ask B. demand C. request D. require

　　14. A. ensures B. ensure C. ensuringD. to ensure

　　15. A. unique B. uniform C. universal D. united

　　16. A. preserve B. conserve C. reserve D. retain

　　17. A. about B. as C. for D. to

　　18. A. what B. where C. that D. which

　　19. A. of B. against C. at D. without

　　20. A. virtual B. viable C. vibrant D. vital

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story-telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.

　　Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,and because they rely heavily on the spoken word,imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much "filling in" by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.

　　Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally "read" films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story.

　　Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.

　　21What is mainly discussed in the text?

　　AThe uniqueness of film.

　　BThe importance of film analysis.

　　CHow to identify the techniques a film uses.

　　DThe relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.

　　22Why is it not handy to study film?

　　ABecause screenplay is not as well written as literary works.

　　BBecause a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay.

　　CBecause a film is too complicated.

　　DBecause publishers prefer to publish literary works.

　　23From the third paragraph we learn that         .

　　Athe means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to the analysis of the film

　　Ba good film and a good story have many elements in common

　　Cwe should not pay extra effort to study films

　　Dusing the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis

　　24Why can"t we divide film into various elements for analysis?

　　ABecause these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot keep be separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.

　　BBecause films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyse them.

　　CBecause films elements are too complicated.

　　DBecause films need not to be analysed in detail.

　　25What does the word"it"refer to in the last sentence of the passage?

　　AThe analytical method.BThe fragmenting technique.

　　CEase.DConvenience.

　　Text 2

　　High-speed Internet provider At Home Corp. is buying Excite Inc., one of the leading destinations on the World Wide Web, for about $ 6.7 billion in stock in one of the largest Internet company deals. The deal announced today would surpass America Online Inc."s $ 4.2 billion acquisition of Netscape Communications Corp. last year. Based on closing stock pices Friday, Excite is worth about $ 3.4 billion, which would mean that At Home would be paying a huge premium. The deal could eventually give telecommunications giant AT&T Corp. contol of one of the highly sought after portals that serve as entry points onto the Internet.

　　At Home is owned by Tele-Communications Inc., Cox Communications and several other investors. TCI is in the process of merging with AT&T Corp. in a $ 39 billion deal that is expected to be completed by spring. AT&T Corp. chief executive Michael Armstrong has stated he wants to use At Home as a conduit for delivering a wide range of communications services, including electronic commerce. Control over Excite, which has a search engine and links to several online shopping sites, would certainly enhance that goal. Excite, which has lagged behind other Website companies, such as Yahoo!, has been looking for a larger partner in the rapidly consolidating Internet portal market, especially in wake of the AOL-Netscape deal. Several other companies had been rumored to be interested in Excite, including Yahoo! Inc. and Microsoft Corp. Negotiations between Yahoo! and Excite broke off this weekend, according to published reports.

　　Excite, eager to extend its reach and market power, was attracted by an alliance with AT&T and TCI. Excite"s shareholders are expected to own about 30 percent of the combined company, which would be known as At Home Networks. Excite chief executive George Bell would take a position on the new company"s executive board, reporting to At Home chief executive Tom Jermoluk. At Home, which delivers high-speed Internet service over cable TV lines, has more than 330 000 customers. The deal would give it access to Excite"s more than 20 million registered users and to the company"s content development capabilities. Both companies are located in Redwood City, Calif. At Home, whose stock has risen nearly 300 percent over the past year, has the money to make a deal, Michael Harris, president of Kinetic Strategies Inc. told MSNBC."With At Home"s existing stock valuation (of about $11.7 billion), it"s been surprising they haven"t done more deals. They"ve certainly got a huge war chest built up."

　　Neither company has yet made a profit. In the three months ended Sep. 30, Excite lost $ 6.8 million on revenue of $ 44 million, including acquisition and amortization expenses. In the same period, At Home lost $ 9.7 million.

　　26.Why does At Home want to buy Excite?

　　A.Because Tom Jermoluk wants to control his strongest competitor.

　　B.Because it wants to expand its business through Excite"s present resources.

　　C.Because both companies are based in Redwood city, California.

　　D.Because it has lost $ 9.7 million in the last three months.

　　27.Before the At Home-Excite deal, Excite had attempted a deal with           .

　　A.TCI B.AT&T

　　C.AOL D.Yahoo!

　　28.How does AT&T fit into the picture of the At Home-Excite deal?

　　A.Excite has been dealing with AT&T for some time.

　　B.AT&T and At Home has been running At Home Networks jointly.

　　C.AT&T is about to ally with TCI, the owner of At Home.

　　D.AT&T runs Internet, of which Excite is an important user.

　　29.Excite is eager to join such powerful companies as AT&T and TCI because         .

　　A.it is at a competitive disadvantage in the Internet market

　　B.it expects to expand its shareholding over AT&T and TCI

　　C.it wishes to expand its coverage of online shopping sites

　　D.it is about to go bankrupt and has to sell itself

　　30.From what he said at the end of the third paragraph, we can conclude that Michael Harris            .

　　A.was surprised at the At Home-Excite deal

　　B.was not satisfied with the At Home-Excite deal

　　C.accused At Home of accumulating its wealth from wars

　　D.considered the At Home-Excite deal desirable to At Home

　　Text 3

　　The film is not without its drawbacks. Disappointment, failure, self-doubt, regrets over opportunities, missed or misused these are always the lot of the person in motion, which is why we must never forget the natural human bond that holds us all together and puts each grief into a common store of experience. For those in motion, these grieves are the inevitable consequence of ambition, particularly in a competitive society such as ours.

　　Many of us today are rather ambivalent about the virtues of a competitive society, particularly one that celebrates material success and celebrity status. In view of these questionable virtues, we have tried to substitute security and reassurance for the loss of self-esteem that comes from not getting an A, not getting a promotion, not getting a Mercedes or a Porsche, not getting an appearance on the Johnny Carson show. As a result I am tempted to assuage your disappointment by changing your grade, thereby brightening your life at least temporarily.

　　Such a change, I"m afraid, might do far more harm than good in the long run. In my experience, unmerited approval carries with it the risk of seriously distorting a young person"s perception of reality: seeing the world as a far more benign place than it actually is, and seeing the self as more able, more competent, than is truly the case. This kind of distortion can be very crippling for the person in motion, giving a false picture of accomplishment that makes the inevitable jolts later on bruising and injurious.

　　I know your B comes as a jolt. Not enough to make you break your stride, I hope. I also hope our perceptions of the course mesh well enough so that the grade seems fair to you. Most of all, I hope that what I"ve said helps you to understand the limitations of any grade as a measure of who you are and what you can do. It"s a symbol, a mark on a piece of paper. Nothing more.

　　Years ago, our high school principal wrote, as was customary then, a short message to the graduating class for the school yearbook. She was a formidable woman: white-haired, gimleteyed, quiet and precise in her manner. Her message to us was: I believe the class of 1994 will go forward, and as they go forward, achieve.

　　Not a bad message, I"ve always felt. Hopeful, encouraging; but qualified just enough to let us know we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously (the "I believe" is certainly less fulsome than "I am sure"). A good way of wishing us all luck in the years to come. May you have your fair share of it as you move along. And may you find strength somewhere to endure whatever disappointments come your way symbolic and actual.

　　31."The natural human bond" in (Para. 1) refers to        .

　　A.drawbacksB. lot

　　C.grievesD. ambition

　　32.According to the author, which of the following is not the virtues of the current society?

　　A.Material success.B.Celebrity status.

　　C.Security and reassurance.D.Academic success.

　　33.According to the author, changing a student"s grade from B to A ultimately        .

　　A.brighten his life

　　B.assuages his disappointment

　　C.attains academic success

　　D.distorts his outlook

　　34.The high school principle"s message to the 1994 graduating class is        .

　　A.like the principle herself, formidable

　　B.plimentary

　　C.appropriate and encouraging

　　D.symbolic

　　35.The word"ambivalent"(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to              .

　　A.ambitiousB.at a loss

　　C.criticalD.mad

　　Text 4

　　It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. Sixteenth-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.

　　The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the "mystery plays" responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by "morality" plays which always taught a moral.

　　In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare"s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.

　　Companies of "strolling plays" which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.

　　The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not inside the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare"s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard. The audience stay around three sides of this platform—the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and dancing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.

　　36Which of the following is not true about the Elizabethan England?

　　ABroad interests and creativity flourished.

　　BEnglish people began to travel to the Continent.

　　CThe theater was the most prominent art form.

　　DEngland was no longer an island kingdom.

　　37According to the passage, the theater            .

　　Afirst appeared in EnglandBhad various types

　　Cwere only sponsored by the nobilityDfollows two classical rules

　　38Which of the following statements may not be the reason for Shakespeare"s success?

　　AHe lived in the Elizabethan Age.

　　BHe was quite wealthy.

　　CHe had broad interest.

　　DHe was experienced in acting and theater management.

　　39"Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes." "patronized" means              .

　　AenjoyedBsponsored

　　CencouragedDpromoted

　　40Shakespeare"s plays               .

　　Awere enjoyable to all the classes of societyBwere performed all day long

　　Cwere presented on stage wagonsDcopied the Latin and Greek plays

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　Dr. Mortimer J. Adler, a noted philosopher, author, editor, lecturer, and teacher, Dr. Adler has throughout his long and distinguished career been a proponent of the great books of western civilization that comprise a liberal education and support a free society. He is chairman of the Board of Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., director of the Institute for Philosophical Research in Chicago, chairman of the Paideia Project, and honorary trustee of the Aspen Institute.

　　There is no end to the making of books. Nor does there seem to be any end to the making of lists of "great books." There have always been more books than anyone could read. And as they have multiplied through the centuries, more and more blue-ribbon lists have had to be made.

　　No matter how long your life, you will, at best, be able to read only a few books of all that have been written, and the few you do read should include the best. You can rejoice in the fact that the number of such is relatively small.

　　The listing of the best books is as old as reading and writing. The teachers and librarians of ancient Alexandria did it. Quintilian did it for Roman education, selecting, as he said, both ancient and modern classics. In the Renaissance, such leaders of the revival of learning as Montaigne and Erasmus made lists of the books they read.

　　41)________________________________________________________. Yet there is a surprising uniformity in the lists which represent the best choices of any period. In every age, the list makers include both ancient and modern books in their selections, and they always wonder whether the moderns are up to the great books of the past.

　　What are the signs by which we may recognize a great book? The six I will mention may not be all there are, but they are the ones I"ve found most useful in explaining my choices over the years.

　　42)______________________________________________. GONE WITH THE WIND has had relatively few readers compared to the plays of Shakespeare or DON QUIXOTE. It would be reasonable to estimate that Homer"s works has been read by at least 25,000,000 people in the last 3000 years.

　　43)_________________________________________________________. The astronomer Kepler, whose work on the planetary motions is now a classic, is reported to have said of his book that "it may wait a century for a reader, as God has waited 6000 years for an observer."

　　44)_____________________________________. They are not written by specialists about specialties for specialists. Whether they be philosophy or science, or history or poetry, they treat of human, not academic problems. They are written for men, not professors. To read a textbook for advanced students, you have to read an elementary textbook first. But the great books can be considered elementary in the sense that they treat the elements of any subject matter. They are not related to one another as a series of textbooks, graded in difficulty or in the technicality of the problems with which they deal.

　　45)__________________________________________________. Let me illustrate this point by taking Euclid s elements of Geometry and Newton s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Euclid requires no prior study of mathematics. His book is generally an introduction to geometry, and to basic arithmetic as well. The same cannot be said for Newton, because Newton uses mathematics in the solution of physical problems. His style shows how deeply he was influenced by Euclid s treatment of ration and proportions. His book is, therefore, not readily intelligible, even to scientists, unless Euclid has been read before.

　　[A]There is one kind of prior reading, however, which does help you to read a great book, and that is the other great books the author himself read.

　　[B]A great book need not even be a best seller in its own day. It may take time for it to accumulate its ultimate audience.

　　[C]Great books are probably the most widely read. They are not best sellers for a year or two. They are enduring best sellers.

　　[D]I am not saying that great scientific books can be read without effort.

　　[E]It is to be expected that the selections will change will the times.

　　[F]Great books are popular, not pedantic.

　　[G]Great books are always contemporary.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　46)On a scale of one to 100 for the causes of stress, the death of a spouse scores the maximum points and divorce 73. Holidays and Christmas also score double digit figures.

　　47)Recognized as the health hazard of modern life, stress can contribute, directly or indirectly, to heart disease cancer and strokes, as well as a number of psychological problems.

　　Children are as likely to suffer from it as adults. No one, regardless of how calm their personality, is immune.

　　"It is not only a problem for young urban professionals (yuppies) ," said Mark Greener, author of a new book called "Managing Stress".

　　48)"In fact, it is often people who have little or no control over certain aspects of their lives such as those in routine jobs or the unemployed—who suffer particularly badly." added Greener, a pharmacologist and medical journalist.

　　Up to half of sickness absence from work is due to work-related stress and depression, costing an estimated 7 billion pounds ( $11 billion) in lost revenue in Britain alone each year.

　　Most people can cope with, and even need a certain amount of stress to perform to the best of their ability. But when demands for dealing with stress are greater than resources, strength or time it becomes dangerous.

　　"Stress is a response to change in the environment. Anything that leads to change can cause stress, even if it"s enjoyable," explained Greener.

　　Britain"s Trade Union Congress, concerned after a survey of workers revealed that stress was the biggest health hazard they faced, have launched a nationwide campaign to combat what it called the "new industrial epidemic".

　　Stress is not a new problem. It has existed since cavemen foraged for food and hunted wild animals. But people are a lot better now at recognizing it and there is an increasing awareness among doctors that is causes many diseases.

　　Many believed the computer age and the women"s movement (resulting in more equality between men and women) would improve lifestyles and give men and women more free time. But Greener says people are now working longer hours, have more information to cope with and are feeling more insecure.

　　"There is a great deal of uncertainty in the workplace. The old ideal of having a job for lief is gone," he said.

　　49) Greener attributes juggling the demands of home, children and jobs, plus the prejudice they face in the workplace, as the main causes of stress for women.

　　"For men it is changing (sexual) roles and the lack of security they tend to rely on," he explained.

　　Managers are also complaining of being stressed by information overload." Having too much information can be as dangerous as having too little," said psychologist David Lewis.

　　50)"What this report makes as clear as crystal is that finding ways of dealing with the information burden is now one of the most urgent world-wide challenges facing business."

　　Studies have confirmed that certain personality types are better at coping with stress. Type A personalities who are very competitive, impatient, aggressive and restless tend to suffer while the unhurried, relaxed and more passive B types don"t.

　　"Everyone is stressed. It is a fact of life," said Greener. "What we have to do is to try to manage it."

　　SectionⅢ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Directions:

　　You are about to go for shopping. Leave a note to your roommate Mary. There are three affairs in the note:

　　1)you are going to shopping and would buy something for her in passing

　　2)tell her someone rang her when she was away

　　3)tell her that the washing machine was just broken down

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use "Jane" instead. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to

　　1)describe the picture and interpret its meaning

　　2)give your comment on the phenomenon

　　3)give your suggestion

　　You should write about 200 words neatly.

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