2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(十)及答案_2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(六)

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　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points )

　　Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life 1 common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.

　　However, biological understanding is not enough: 2 itself, it can never tell us what human beings are. 3 to our physical equipment—the naked human body—we are not an 4 animal. We are tropical creatures, 5 hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical 6, our species seems a poor 7 for survival.

　　But we have survived—survived and multiplied and 8 the earth. Some day we will have a 9 living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. 10 its limitations, our physical equipment has some important 11. We have excellent vision and hands that can 12 objects with a precision unmatched by any other 13. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost 14 number of neural 15.

　　We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need 16 clothing, shelter, and 17 heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and 18 deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations.

　　It was not always 19. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no 20 and lacked the physical capacity to use it.

　　1A.processes B.acts C.modes D.procedures

　　2A.On B.With C.For D.By

　　3AStrippedBParedCPeeledDRemoved

　　4AintelligentBimpressiveCinfluentialDincentive

　　5AbarelyBhardlyCnearlyDscarcely

　　6AmeaningBjudgementCperspectiveDsense

　　7AbetBchanceCfactDluck

　　8AfilledBloadedCstuffedDscattered

　　9AresidenceBcolonyChomeDempire

　　10AApart fromBWith regard to

　　CWith the exception ofDIn spite of

　　11AabilitiesBpotentialsCcapabilitiesDpossibilities

　　12AmaneuverBmanageCmanipulateDmanufacture

　　13AanimalBanimalsCcreaturesDcreature

　　14AinfiniteBunknownCboundlessDceaseless

　　15AconnectionsBrelationsCactivitiesDaccesses

　　16AforBtoCwithDby

　　17AartificialBfakeCunrealDunauthentic

　　18Aadd upBbreak upCmake upDcut up

　　19AthisBthusChenceDthat

　　20AintellectBequipmentCcompetenceDculture

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Legends about King Arthur have existed since the 6th century. Stories of the man and his doings have grown far beyond anything that could be regarded as factual history. Here are some of the highlights.

　　Arthur was born as a result of the wizardry of Merlin, who arranged all adulterous liaison between Arthur"s father, King Uther Pendragon, and his lover, a married duchess. Merlin agreed to do this only if the lovers allowed him to bring up the child born of the affair. When Uther Pendragon died some years later, there was confusion in the kingdom about who should inherit the throne. Merlin arranged a pageant where many knights came to try their luck at pulling a sword out of a stone. Whoever successfully extracted the blade was the rightful king. After many a brave knight had tried and failed, Merlin presented the young Arthur who, to everyone"s surprise, easily pulled out the sword.

　　As king, Arthur established the knightly fellowship of the Round table at his castle of Camelot, so appear all the other chivalrous knights associated with the king. The knights of the Round Table spent much of their time on the quest for the Holy Grail .The Grail is the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, which was allegedly brought to Britain, then somehow lost. It is notoriously hard to get hold of, as finding it requires an almost superhuman degree of moral purity. At last it was the true gentleman Sir Galahad who eventually found it and set off to return it to its rightful place in the Holy Land.

　　Arthur"s death is a matter of some debate. According to legend, one of Arthur"s less intelligent moves was his decision to marry the Lady Guinevere, who fell in love with Sir Lancelot, and their adultery Led to war among the knights of the Round Table, culminating in the Battle of Camlan and Arthur"s mortal word. After the Battle of Camlan the wounded king was taken to the mysterious isle of Avalon ruled by his sinister Morgan Le Faye. She, being skilled in the arts of witchcraft and healing, was apparently meant to cure him. But evidently Arthur thought he had little chance, because he gave his sword, Excalibur, to Sir Bedivere to return to the Lady of the Lake, an enigmatic character from whom Arthur had originally received the blade. Bedivere hurled the sword over the water, where a spooky hand appeared from the lake to catch it, waved it around for a while and then carried it down to the murky depths where, who knows, perhaps it still lies. As for Arthur, we can only conclude that his sister wasn"t such a good doctor.

　　21.The passage is mainly about          

　　A. a brief history of King Arthur.

　　B. the story of the Round Table Knights.

　　C. a legendary life of King Arthur.

　　D. the death of King Arthur.

　　22. Arthur became the king because          

　　A.he was the old king"s only son.

　　B.he was supported by many brave knights.

　　C.he was the strongest man in the kingdom.

　　D.he pulled the sword from the stone.

　　23.           found the Holy Grail and returned it to the Holy Land.

　　A.King Arthur B .The most morally respectable knight

　　C.Sir Lancelot D .The Round Table knights

　　24. Arthur"s sword, Excalibur, was returned to              

　　A. his queen.

　　B. the person who gave it to him.

　　C. Merlin, his adopted father.

　　D. his sister.

　　25.Arthur died because              

　　A. his sister couldn"t heal his mortal wound.

　　B. his sister refused to cure him.

　　D. he lost his Excalibur.

　　Text 2

　　In another sign that Hispanics will dominate California"s future, a university study has found the ethnic group accounted for nearly half of all births in the state by the end of the last decade. Hispanic mothers had 247,796 of the 521,265 children born in California in 1998, or 47.5 percent, according to the University of California, Los Angeles study released in December 2001. Non-Hispanic Whites had 33.9 percent, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders with 10.7 percent. Blacks represented 6.8 percent of births and American Indians a half-percent of all births. California"s future economic health depends upon those Hispanics, who soon will be the majority of young adults and hence the working force, says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA.

　　The study, based on state health department statistics, confirms the ethnic shift that made 201 the year California officially lost its White majority. The U.S. Census showed that Hispanics made up nearly a third while non-Hispanic Whites slipped to less than half of the state"s total population of 33.9 million. California"s experience is part of a"sea change"in the United States, where 23 states already have Hispanics as their largest ethnic minority. Dr. Harry Pachon says,"Hispanics are becoming more prominent in everything from movies to politics, and that is good for the state. If there was no penetration of social and political institutions, then you would have an isolated minority and that"s a recipe for social unrest. On the other hand, by the third generation one of every two Hispanics have married outside of their ethnic group. There"s a Latinization of America but there"s also an Americanization of Latinos. By third generation, a lot of them are losing their Spanish, they prefer American NFL to soccer."

　　Overall, nearly 65 percent of all Hispanic mothers were immigrants, ranking them second to Asian and Pacific Islanders at more than 84 percent. The babies tend to grow up healthy as well. Studies have shown that at virtually all stages of life, Hispanics, at least in California, Arizona and Texas, tended to suffer fewer major health problems, such as heart attacks, cancer and strokes, than other ethnic groups, Hayes Bautista noted. Only about 15 percent of Hispanic mothers were 19 years old or younger. By comparison nearly 17 percent of Blacks and 19 percent of American Indians were teenagers. Non-Hispanic Whites had a figure of nearly 7 percent.

　　26. Hispanic mothers had      of the babies born in California in 1998.

　　A. 50%B. 47.5%C. 33.9%D. 10.7%

　　27. David Hayes Bautista believes that              .

　　A. Hispanics will become the backbone of future Californian economy

　　B. the white culture will dominate California"s future

　　C. the state government should keep control on the population growth

　　D. the population distribution should be somehow re-arranged

　　28. According to the text, we can infer that          occupies the largest percentage of the population.

　　A. HispanicsB. non-Hispantc whites

　　C. BlacksD. American Indians

　　29. Which of the following statements is Dr. Harry Pachon most likely to agree with?

　　A. It"s good that Hispanics are more involved in politics.

　　B. Social unrest is more likely to occur when one ethnic group becomes overpowering.

　　C. Hispanics are more likely to marry within their own ethnic group.

　　D. Latinization of America is taking place faster than the Americanization of Latinos.

　　30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. The percentage of immigrant Hispanic mothers is the highest among all ethnic groups.

　　B. Hispanic babies all over the United States are typically healthier than other babies.

　　C. Non-Hispanic White mothers are the least likely to be teenagers.

　　D. Nearly 19 percent of Blacks were teenagers.

　　Text 3

　　To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid 1860"s to the mid 1800"s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college"s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.

　　The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasure of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot"s administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872~1873 and 1876~1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up: science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.

　　31.Which of the following is the author"s main purpose in writing the passage?

　　A.To present the history of Harvard College and compare it with that of Yale University.

　　B.To criticize the conditions of the U.S. universities in the 19th century.

　　C.To describe innovations in the U.S. higher education in the latter 1800"s.

　　D.To introduce what was happening in major U. S. universities before the turn of the century.

　　32.According to the passage, the educational changes were the result of         

　　A.plans developed by conservative and church leaders.

　　B.efforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational system.

　　C.the demands of social organization seeking financial relief.

　　D.rallies held by westerners wanting to compete with eastern schools.

　　33.Before the change, Harvard             

　　A.was short of financial aid.

　　B.offered a narrower range of subjects.

　　C.was not strict with its students.

　　D.all of the above.

　　34.From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred?

　　A.Admission standards were lower.

　　B.Students were younger.

　　C.Classes ended earlier.

　　D.Courses were more practical.

　　35.Which of the following is NOT included in Dr. Eliot"s reform program?

　　A.Diversification of the courses offered.

　　B.Elevation of the admissions standards.

　　C.Enlargement of the enrollment.

　　D.Enforced professional training in some field.

　　Text 4

　　The ocean bottom, a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth—is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth"s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.

　　Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1969, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation"s Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP"s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean"s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.

　　The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger"s core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger"s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.

　　The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world"s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change…information that may be used to predict future climates.

　　36.The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line 2 because it           .

　　A. is not a popular area for scientific research

　　B. contains a wide variety of life forms

　　C. attracts courageous explorers

　　D. is an unknown territory

　　37.The author mentions outer space because           .

　　A. the Earth"s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space

　　B. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment

　　C. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor

　　D. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration

　　38.Which of the following is true of the Clomar Challenger?

　　A. It is a type of submarine.

　　B. It is an ongoing project.

　　C. It has gone on over 100 voyages.

　　D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.

　　39.The DSDP was significant because it was            .

　　A. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas

　　B. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom

　　C. composed of geologists from all over the world

　　D. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry

　　40.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep sea Drilling Project?

　　A. Geologists were able to determine the Earth"s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.

　　B. Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.

　　C. Information was revealed about the Earth"s past climatic changes.

　　D. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　At Columbia University, where I taught economics for many years before coming to China, most of my students spent a great deal of time in volunteer work. They taught poor children in the local neighborhoods, they visited the elderly in hospitals and at home and helped them with their shopping, they worked to preserve historic sites and places of beauty, they cleaned up waste dumps, they prepared food for the hungry, they created and ran student newspapers, they organized concerts and artistic events, they acted as translators for migrant workers, they formed political pressure groups, they raised money to combat AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, and so on.

　　As part of that tradition I do volunteer work here in Beijing, just as I did in New York, but I find that my students at Tsinghua University and at other schools in Beijing are much less involved in volunteering then I had expected. In part, of course, this reflects the heavier workload in Chinese schools, which leaves less time for outside activities. But I think there is more to it than just this. I think it also reflects a very different system, in which volunteer work for students here is usually organized or sponsored by government, schools, or other official groups, rather than by the students themselves. 41)________.

　　This is unfortunate. I think it would be better both for them and for society if Chinese students took the initiative to decide what kinds of problems or issues they felt to be of importance, and then played a more active role in organizing the work. 42)___________.

　　But there are at least two other important reasons for doing volunteer work. The first is that you can learn a lot about yourself and about your abilities by organizing, taking on responsibilities, deciding on objectives, and fulfilling them. 43)____________________.

　　This is an important lesson. Many of my students here work very hard, but their attitude towards their work is not always a healthy one. They do the work not because they love it or feel that it is exciting but rather because it is expected of them, and they will get rewarded (or at least not punished) if they do it. With charitable work there is no explicit reward. You work because you have goals, and in the end the only judge of your work is yourself. 44)_______________________________________________.It also forces you to think about what you are doing and the best way to accomplish your objectives. You are no longer simply doing something because your teacher or your boss told you to do it.

　　The second important reason for charitable work is that it changes your relationship with your society. Sometimes I feel that many of the people I meet here don"t really appreciate the greatness of China and the excitement of the process through which it is currently living. The Chinese are well-known for being nationalistic, but sometimes I think this nationalism has more to do with distrust of foreigners than with love of country. Many of my friends and students simply do not know very much about their own country, and often seem unhappy with or embarrassed by certain aspects of China.

　　45)_________________________________________. For example, if you help the children of migrant workers with their education, you will quickly realize that poor migrant workers should not be seen as an embarrassment to Beijing. On the contrary, they are a great strength, and their stories are part of a huge and dramatic experiment that China is undergoing. In a small way by working with migrant children you can help make the experiment a success.

　　[A]I think that if they had spent more time engaged in activities outside of school and family such as doing volunteer work, they would feel very differently.

　　[B]This changes the way you think about work and about your responsibilities to yourself and others.

　　[C]You will realize how future events can have just as big an impact on your life and those of your friends and family.

　　[D]This means that many students here in Beijing think of volunteering as something that must be done to please teachers, bosses, or other figures of authority, rather than because of a desire to address a problem about which they have thought very deeply

　　[E]When you work closely with others who are less fortunate than you, or when you set a local goal and work to accomplish it, you see directly how your actions can affect the world around you.

　　[F]If you are interested in volunteer work you don"t have to wait for your school, your teachers, or officials on television to tell you what to do.

　　[G]There are many reasons why this would be good. The most obvious reason, of course, is that we all have obligations towards our society, and volunteer work is one way of repaying this obligation.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　So precious to us is "home" that, like other precious things, the word is constantly subject to the corruption of commercial misuse. One does well to fear a restaurant that boasts of "home cooking", and if ever there was a home that one felt reluctant to enter because it was so utterly unhomelike it is a funeral home. 46) Nevertheless, we have to guard against our own suggestibility: making "home" stand for so much that is good in life turns it into a goal that thousands of manufacturers of domestic appliances are eager to exploit. In advertising terms, "home" equals "buy". If we Americans are tireless self-improvers, we are also tireless consumers, readily tempted to suppose that if only we buy the right garden hose, the right vacuum cleaner, the right automatic overhead garage-door opener we will surely have created home, sweet home. 47) The so-called shelter magazines woo us with the idea of shelter not so much for ourselves as for the possessions that we are encouraged to share habitable space with. 48) Nowadays, architects provide in their plans for new houses what they call a "family room", but the family itself is often hard-pressed to defend its territorial rights against the intrusion of objects that it has found itself unable to resist. The willingness to become a couch potato may deepen upon finding an area big enough to contain a couch, especially as TV sets approach the size of Steinways and even the once modestly scaled telephone is replaced by a combined telephone, message keeper, intercom, computer printer, and fax machine. A typical ad will show a family in the family room winsomely going over some new toy that the advertiser claims is indispensable to bliss. 49) But the toy might be a chemical spray that will remove wine stains from carpets at a single swipe, or a burglar-alarm system whose sensors can detect the motions of a mouse in labor.

　　But wait. Acquiring so many visible symbols of domestic contentment can be hazardous. To our dismay, we soon discover how close a house we own can come to owning us. Emerson said, "Things are in the saddle, and ride mankind," and in roughly the same fashion the things that fill a house from cellar to attic can tyrannize its occupants. 50) We are enslaved not only in respect to mortgages, property taxes, and utility charges but also in respect to the innumerable tyrant things that have it in them to break, or break down, or get lost, or lose their lustre, or grow too greatly cherished.

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Directions:

　　You are a senior majored in Sociology, and writing to a university abroad to inquire admission abroad. The letter should include:

　　1)your purpose of writing the letter

　　2)your study experience and major advantages

　　3)ask about basic information of the professors concerning sociology and something about scholarship.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane Green" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　(1)Title: Challenge

　　(2)Your composition should be based on the Outlines below.

　　Outlines:

　　(1)Everyone meets with challenges now and then.

　　(2)Different men treat challenges differently.

　　(3)How I think we should treat challenges.

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