自学考试英语阅读一_自学考试英语阅读(二)最后冲刺模拟试题 (下)

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V．Directions：Read Passages 3 and 4 fast and choose the correct answer by blackening the letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET．（20 points，1 point for each）

Passage 3

1．Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton．Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see．They drift about lazily with the currents，providing a basic food for many larger animals．

2．Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents，and the comparison is an appropriate one．In potential food value，however，plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses．One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year，the sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much．

3．Despite its enormous food potential，little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land．Now，marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility，especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population．

    4．No one yet has seriously suggested that“planktonburgers”may soon become popular around the world．As a possible farmed supplementary food source，however，plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists．

    5．One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill．Growing to two or three inches long，krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale，the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth．Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity，it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily．

    6．Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide，mainly in the cold Antarctic．Because of their pink color，they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air．Krill are very high in food value．A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster，to which they are related．

    7．If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales，many scientists reason，they must certainly be contenders as a new food source for humans．

41．Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage？

    A．The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source．

    B．The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton．

    C．The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example．

42．Which of the following is NOT true about plankton？

    A．It refers to forms of organic life that drift in or float on the waters of oceans or rivers．

    B．It refers to grasses and the like that grow at the bottom of the ocean．

    C．It refers to small plants and animals that provide a basic food for many larger animals．

43．According to the passage，plankton is considered to be more valuable than land grasses，because

    A．it is more tasty．

    B．it produces more carbohydrates．

    C．it is easier to cultivate．

44．Marine scientists have begun to study the possibility of farming plankton because

    A．they are encouraged by the former efforts made about it．

    B．the sea resources appear more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population．

    C．plankton can be fertilizers to grasses．

45．When the author mentions “planktonburgers”in Paragraph 4，he wants

     A．to describe the appearance of one type of plankton．

     B．to illustrate how many planktons a whale consumes．

     C．to suggest plankton as a possible food source．

46．According to the passage，krill are

     A．a kind of whale．

     B．a type of plankton．

     C．a new food source for human beings at present.

47．Blue whales at maturity have been known to weigh

     A．one hundred and fifty tons．

     B．fifty tons．

     C．one hundred tons．

48．One distinguished feature of krill is their

    A．tiny size．

    B．pink color.

    C．fast swimming．

49．Which of the following is NOT the reason why plankton could be considered a human food source？

    A．Planktons are high in food value．

    B．Planktons provide an abundant supply in the oceans．

    C．Planktons swim in the cold Antarctic．

50．In which paragraph does the author first compare plankton to land grasses

    A．Paragraph 1．

    B．Paragraph 2．

    C．Paragraph 3．
Passage 4

    1．The free enterprise system has produced a technology capable of providing the American consumer with the largest and most varied marketplace in the world. Technological advances，however，have come hand-in-hand with impersonal mass marketing of goods and services．Along with progress，too，have come some instances of manipulative advertising practices and a proliferatin of products whose reliability，safety，and quality are difficult to evaluate．

    2．Today’s consumers buy，enjoy，use，and discard more types of goods than could possibly have been imagined even a few years ago. Yet too often consumers are as unaware of the materials that have gone into the manufacturer’s finished product as they are of their own motivation in selecting one product over another．

    3．Easy credit and the forceful techniques of modern marketing persuade many consumers to buy what they cannot afford．The consequent over burdening of family budgets is a problem for consumers at all economic levels．It is not unusual for families to allocate 20 percent or more of their income to debt repayments without understanding the effect this allocation has upon other choices．Some families have such tight budgets that an illness，a period of unemployment，or some other crisis finds them without adequate reserves．In addition to the growing complexity of the market，consumers are sometimes faced with unfair and deceptive practices．Although there are laws designed to protect the consumer，there is not a sufficient number of law enforcers to cover all the abuses of the marketplace．

    4．There is growing concern and awareness today of the disadvantage of the poor and undereducated American in the marketplace of the affluent．Families in low－income inner city and rural areas often do not have access to the same varieties of goods and prices as their middle－income counterparts do．Furthermore，they are more likely to be targets for fraudulent sales schemes and high cost credit than their affluent neighbors．

    5．An adult in today’s society should be educated in the－sensible use of credit．He should understand what is involved in purchasing a house，and the many pitfalls to be avoided when entering into financial agreements．He should know enough about advertising and selling techniques to be able to discern the honest from the fraudulent and deceptive．He should be knowledgeable about consumer protection laws so that he can demand his rights．When he needs help，he should know about the private and public sources to which he can turn for assistance．

51．Along with technological advances，mass marketing has become

A．reliable．

B．formal．

C．impersonal．

52．Consumers often do not know

    A．why they select one product over another．

    B．the brand names of products they buy regularly．

    C．the current interest rates on savings accounts．

53．In Paragraph 2 the author shows his

    A．tolerant attitude towards today’s consumers．

    B．admiration for today’s consumers．

    C．critical attitude towards today’s consumers．

54．Many consumers buy what they cannot afford because

    A．they are often persuaded by easy credit and the forceful techniques of modern market．

    B．they could borrow money from others easily．

    C．they like to have overburdening of family budgets．

55．The author feels that the American marketplace is

    A．overrated．

    B．inefficient．

    C．complex．

56．Consumers are sometimes faced with unfair and deceptive practices，because

    A．there are no laws to protect them．

    B．there is insufficient number of law enforcers．

    C．the laws to protect them are very weak．

57．The author warns the reader to be cautious when buying items

    A．on sale．

B．at a discount．

C．on credit．

58．This article is concerned mostly with

A．families’ inadequate reserves．

B．the free enterprise system in America

C．the market place of the affluent．

59．The author shows more concern for

A．affluent families．

B．middle-income families．

C．the poor and undereducated families．

60．The author points out that some families

A．forget to claim interest charges on their tax forms．

B．spend more money on food than they would like to．

C．are unprepared for financial emergencies．
Ⅵ．Directions：Passage 5 is taken from the TEXTBOOK．Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer by blackening the letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET．（10 points，1 point for each）

Passage 5

    BLOOD TESTING

    1．“Ouch！”you cry as your doctor“stabs”you in a finger or in that sensitive spot on the inside of your arm opposite your elbow．“Is the sharp，if momentary，pain necessary？”You wonder as the doctor takes a sample of your blood．What is she up to anyway？ What are blood tests for？

    2．Your blood is a vital part of your body．It picks up oxygen in your lungs and carries it to your cells，which use the oxygen to produce energy．It carries wastes away from your cells．It carries white blood cells and disease—fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses which are causing infections．The white cells gobble up the invaders，and the antibodies knock them out．

    3．Your blood also carries food from your stomach and small intestine to all parts of your body．Clearly，a large loss of blood from an accident or disease can have serious consequences．

    4．So can an imbalance of the blood’s parts．For example，a low concentration of white  celhs reduces the body’s ability to fight infection．A low concentration of oxygen－carrying red cells robs the body of energy releasing oxygen．

    5．Suppose you lost a lot of blood，what would a doctor do? Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donated by another person．But the doctor can’t use just anyone’s blood，the donor’s blood has to be of a type that won’t be destroyed by your blood．Blood type？What’s that？

   6．Remember the blood your doctor took from you？Well，some of that blood may have been used to find your blood type—A，B，AB，or O．Each of us has one of these basic blood types（plus a number of subtypes）．People with a certain type can receive blood of only certain other types．

    7．To find your blood type，the doctor sends your blood to a laboratory．There your red cells are separated from the other parts of your blood．These cells may have certain antigens（special proteins）on their surfaces一“ A” antigens and/or“B”antigens．If your red cells have“A”antigens you are type A；“B”antigens make you type B；both“A”and“B”antigens make you type AB；neither“A”nor“B”antigens makes you type O．How do you find these antigens？

    8．A lab technician mixes your red blood cells with two kinds of blood serum．One contains anti A antibodies．The other kind contains anti B antibodies．An antibody is a substance that “attacks”a particular antigen，in this case“A”or“B”antigens．

    9．The technician then looks at each mixture under a microscope to see what will happen to your red blood cells．Certain mixtures may make your red cells clump together．By finding which mixtures do this and which do not，the technician can figure out your blood type．

    10．But blood type isn’t the only reason to have a blood test taken．It can also check for signs of infection．How？When you have an infection，especially a serious one，the number of white blood cells soars．This is normal response of your body to an invasion of germs．

    11．This time，a sample of blood goes to the lab for a CBC—complete blood count．A technician will examine your blood under a microscope—counting the white in a small marked-off area．If the number is much higher than it ought to be，doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn’t spread．

    12．Other blood tests can determine the concentration of various chemicals in your blood or the variety and types of blood cells circulating in the blood．The information hidden in a drop of blood may lead a doctor to suggest ways to treat，or avoid dangerous health conditions，

    13．Was the stick in the finger or arm necessary？If protecting yourself from danger is necessary，the answer has got to be yes！

61．Which of the following statement is NOT the function of blood？（  ）

    A．It picks up oxygen in lungs and carries it to cells

    B．It carries wastes away from the cells

    C．It carries white blood cells and antibodies

    D．It absorbs the nutrition of the food

62．A low concentration of white cells will lead to．（  ） 

    A．strengthen the body’s ability to fight infection    B．a healthy body

    C．reduce the amount of red cells       D．reduce the body’s ability to fight infection

63． Which kind of blood can be transfused into the person who has blood type A？（  ）

    A．Type B            B．Type AB

    C．Type A            D．Type B and Type AB

64．Which kind of blood has both“A”antigens and“B” antigens？（  ）

    A．Type A       B．Type B      C．Type AB     D．Type O

65．When you have an infection，how does your body response？（  ）

    A．The number of white cells soars．            B．The number of red cells reduces．

    C．The number of white cells reduces．          D．The number of red cells soars．

66．Blood tests can NOT．（  ）

    A．find blood type

    B．check for signs of infection

    C．determine the concentration of various chemicals in blood

    D．distinguish the sex of a person

67．The best information Paragraph 2 and 3 give the readers is that．（  ）

    A．your blood picks up oxygen in your lungs and produce energy

    B．your blood is the basic，part of your body

    C．your blood carries food from your stomach and small intestine to all parts of your body

    D．your blood carries wastes away from your cells

68．A  CBC—complete blood count means．（  ）

    A．counting the red cells in a small marked-off area

    B．counting the white cells in a small marked-off area

    C．measuring the concentration of the red cells

    D．measuring the concentration of the white cells

69．Paragraph 5 to 12 can be best entitled as．（  ）

    A．type for transfusion           B．meaning of blood type

    C．ways of choosing a blood type   D．importance of CBC

70．Blood tests can help the doctor to______．（  ）

    A．choose the suitable blood for transfusion

    B．treat you to be sure the infection doesn’t spread

    C．suggest ways to treat，or avoid dangerous health conditions

D．All of the above
SECTION 3 QUESTIONS AND TRANSLATION （30 points）

Ⅶ．Directions：The following questions are closely related to passage 5．Write a brief answer（one to three complete sentences）to each of the questions on your ANSWER SHEET and pay attention to the words，grammar and  sentence structure in your answers．（15 points，3 points for each）

71．Why does the author say that your blood is a vital part of your body？

72．What is the use of white cells and antibodies？

73．What is the first step to find out the blood type？

74．How can the technician figure out your blood type？

75．What．is CBC used for？

Ⅷ．Directions：Translate the following sentences（taken from Passage 5）into Chinese and write the Chinese version in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET．（15 points，3 points for each）

76．It carries white blood cells and disease－fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses which are causing infections．

77．By finding which mixtures do this and which do not，the technician can figure out your blood    type.

78．Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donated by another person.

79．If the number is much higher than it ought to be，the doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn’t spread．

80．The information hidden in a drop of blood may lead a doctor to suggest ways to treat，or avoid    dangerous health condition．
参考答案1

I． 1．C   2．F   3．G   4．A   5．J   6．B   7．E   8．I  9．D   10．H

Ⅱ．11．C  12．A  13．D  14．A  15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．A  20．B

Ⅲ．Passage 1  21．complex     22．calculator  23．subtract  24．component  25．scan

26．information  27．normal    28．sighted   29．analyze     30．synthesizer

IV．Passage 2  31．T  32．T  33．T  34．F  35．F  36．T  37．F  38．T  39．F  40．F

V． Passage 3  41．C  42．B  43．B  44．B  45．C  46．B  47．A  48．B  49．C  50．B

Passage 4  51．C  52．A  53．C  54．A  55．C  56．B  57．C  58．B  59．C  60．C

Ⅵ．Passage 5：61．D  62．D  63．C  64．C  65．A  66．D  67．B  68．B  69．B  70．D

Ⅶ．71．Your blood is a vital part of your body．It picks up oxygen in your lungs and carries it to your cells，which use the oxygen to produce energy．It carries wastes away from your cells．It carries white blood cells and disease－fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses are causing infections.

72．The white cells gobble up the invaders and the antibodies knock them out.

73．The first step to find out the blood type is to separate the red cells from the other parts of your blood by technicians in the laboratory．

74．In the laboratory，the technician can separate the red cells from the other parts of your blood．These cells may have certain antigens（special protein）on their surfaces一“A”antigens and／or“B”antigens．If your red cells have“A”antigens，you are type A；“B”antigens make you type B，both“A”and“B”antigens make you type AB；neither “A”nor“B”antigens makes you type“O”．

75．CBC is used to know whether the number of your white cells is much higher than it ought to be．If it is much higher，the doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn’t spread．

Ⅷ．76．血液把白血球和称作抗体的抗疾病化学物质送到侵入的异物正在造成感染的地方。

77．通过发现哪种混合体可以凝结，哪种不凝结，医生可以断定你的血型。

78．尽可能快地将另一个人捐献的血液输入你的体内，以代替自身血液的不足。

79．如果白细胞的数量远高于正常水平，医生就会对你采取治疗措施，以免感染扩散。

80．医生可能因为一滴血中所隐含的信息而建议你采取治疗措施，以避免健康受到危害。

 

 

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