[2005年全国研究生入学考试英语一]2005年全国研究生入学考试英语押题试卷（二）1

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 一、完形填空题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案

　　 Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages(失败) of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as 1 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the 2 of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.

　　 The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 3 ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held 4 about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 5 change, it should not be underestimated.

　　 In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries 6 its reliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and the reliability of any person"s recall must be assessed 7 Both common sense and research say memory 8 over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 9 their best immediately 10 encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 11 the original memory, which reduces 12.

　　The paper says 13 interviews or media reports can create such 14 . "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 15 when the passage of time allows the original memory to 16 , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 17 as fact."

Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then 18 it to produce something 19 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are 20 false."

　　 1、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 [A] trustful

　　 [B] reliable

　　 [C] innocent

　　 [D] considerable

　　 2、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 [A] rate

　　 [B] degree

　　 [C] extent

　　 [D] scale

　　 3、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 [A] Manifestation

　　 [B] Declaration

　　 [C] Presentation

　　 [D] Testimony

　　 4、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] perceptions

　　 [B] acceptances

　　 [C] permissions

　　 [D] receptions

　　 5、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A]subject to

　　 [B]liable for

　　 [C]incapable of

　　 [D]attributable to

　　 6、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] assess

　　 [B] appreciate

　　 [C] calculate

　　 [D] speculate

　　 7、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 [A] interactively

　　 [B] comparatively

　　 [C] horizontally

　　 [D] individually

　　 8、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 [A] descends

　　 [B] declines

　　 [C] inclines

　　 [D]degrades

　　 9、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A]at

　　 [B]in

　　 [C]on

　　 [D]upon

　　 10、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 [A]before

　　 [B]after

　　 [C]when

　　 [D]until

　　 11、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] with

　　 [B] in

　　 [C] at

　　 [D] on

　　 12、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 [A] appropriacy

　　 [B] accuracy

　　 [C] originality

　　 [D] preceding

　　 13、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C

　　 [A] consequent

　　 [B] successive

　　 [C] subsequent

　　 [D] preceding

　　 14、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] distortions

　　 [B] transformed

　　 [C] malfunctions

　　 [D] malformations

　　 15、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 [A] altered

　　 [B] transformed

　　 [C] converted

　　 [D] modified

　　 16、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] fade

　　 [B] diminish

　　 [C] lessen

　　 [D] dwell

　　 17、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] misinformation

　　 [B] mistreatment

　　 [C] misguidance

　　 [D] misjudgment

　　 18、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 [A] associate

　　 [B] connect

　　 [C] link

　　 [D] integrate

　　 19、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 [A] other

　　 [B] rather

　　 [C] more

　　 [D] less

　　 20、（本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 [A] invariably

　　 [B] constantly

　　 [C] justifiably

　　 [D] verifiably

　　 二、阅读理解题(每题1分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案

　　Text1

　　The first English settlers in North America were extraordinarily unlucky weather-wise, conclude scientists who have looked at centuries of climate data. Their analysis suggests that two-early-settlements reached crisis points because the colonists arrived during the worst periods of drought in 800 years.

　　The fate of 120 colonists who arrived at Roanoke Island on the North Carolina coast in 1587 has always been a mystery. A supply ship from England docked in 1590 to find the colony abandoned, with few records to explain what had happened. Two decades later, the Jamestown colony in Virginia reported thousands of deaths from starvation, and the settlers came close to abandoning their new home.

　　Historians have long blamed the failure at Roanoke and the problems at Jamestown on inexperience, ineptitude, internal quarreling and hostile natives. But archaeologist Dennis Blanton, of the College of William and Mary in Virginia, Williamsburg, noted that the Jamestown colonists wrote of the local tribes complaining about poor corn crops and decided to see if climate had played a role. He contacted David Stable of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville who uses tree ring data to study climate.

　　Stable"s group studied cores from 140 bald cypress trees in Virginia, near the sites of the two colonies. They found that the timing of the unsuspecting colonists could not have been much worse. Jamestown colonists landed in 1607, during the driest seven-year period in 770 years, and colony medical records show a close correlation between the severity of drought and mortality. Roanoke Island habitants were even more unfortunate. Although their drought was shorter it was even drier, the worst in 800 years.

　　Blanton points out that the Jamestown colonists had counted on trading with the natives for food, and that they had brought copper, a metal prized by local tribes. However, the locals proved reluctant to trade in the face of the drought, leaving the colonists short of food. Drought exaggerated the difficulties between two alien cultures, says Blanton.

　　 21、The first English settlers in North America were considered extraordinarily unlucky because                .

　　 [A] they knew too well about the climate

　　 [B] they studied centuries of the climate data

　　 [C] they arrived during the driest period in 800 years

　　 [D] they arrived in summer time

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C

　　 22、Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　 [A] The first settlers of Roanoke Island nearly abandoned their colony.

　　 [B] Unlike the Roanoke Island settlers, the Jamestown settlers met with serious starvation

　　 [C] The Jamestown settlers were the first English settlers in North America.

　　 [D] Few people knew what had happened to the Roanoke Island settlers.

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 23、According to Dennis Blanton, the real reason for the failure at Roanoke was            .

　　 [A]inexperience

　　 [B]ineptitude

　　 [B]hostile natives

　　 [D]bad climate

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 24、Compared with Roanoke Island inhabitants, Jamestown settlers were luckier because .

　　 [A] there were cypress trees in Virginia

　　 [B] their drought was drier

　　 [C] their drought was shorter

　　 [D] their drought was less severe

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】D

　　 25、The local Indian tribes were reluctant to trade with Jamestown settlers because              .

　　 [A] they themselves didn"t have enough to eat

　　 [B] they knew too little about the value of the copper brought by the settlers

　　 [C] they had quite different cultures with the new settlers

　　 [D] they considered the new settlers to be their enemy

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 Text2

　　In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivers, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.

　　In 1847 the United States Post Office department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that during the years of these cumbersome (笨拙的)arrangements, private letter—carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-illegal, they thrived. And actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.

　　Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town having 10,000 people had to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.

　　 26、The passage mainly discusses                    .

　　 [A] the increased use of private mail services

　　 [B] the development of a government postal system

　　 [C] a comparison of urban and rural postal services

　　 [D] the history of postage stamps

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 27、All the following were seen as advantages of the postage stamp EXCEPT that             .

　　 [A] it had to be purchased by the sender in advance

　　 [B] it increased the cost of mail delivery

　　 [C] it was difficult to affix to letters

　　 [D] is was easy to counterfeit

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 28、The author mentions the city of Philadelphia (para.2) because .

　　 [A] it was the site of the first post office in the United Stated

　　 [B] its postal service was inadequate for its population

　　 [C] it was the largest city in the United States in 1847

　　 [D] it was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】B

　　 29、In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?

　　 [A] A salary.

　　 [B] Transportation.

　　 [C] Housing.

　　 [D] Free postage stamps.

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】A

　　 30、The private postal services of the 19th century claimed that they could do which of the following better than government?

　　 [A] Deliver a higher volume of mail.

　　 [B] Deliver mail more cheaply.

　　 [C] Deliver mail faster.

　　 [D] Deliver mail to rural areas.

　　 （本题分值：1分）【正确答案】C

　　 Text3

　　The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the remaining one percent of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension (悬浮)great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in considerable, but variable amounts.

　　The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible (感觉不到的). Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown that these assumptions were incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata (layers).

　　The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere (对流层). One the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth"s surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth"s surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperature within the troposphere decreases about 3.5 degrees per 1,000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, wind and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west at velocity of 150 mph, but velocity as high as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually rebel their true significance.

　　Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere (同温层). The stratosphere is separated from tropopause (对流层顶). Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is layer of ozone (臭氧) gases which filters out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this ozone were not there, the full blast of the sun"s ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform.

　　The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinate but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere (电离层) because it consists of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights (aurora borealis) originates within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. It effects upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown.

　　 31、A jet plane will usually have its best average rate of speed on its run from            .

　　 [A] New York to San Francisco

　　 [B] Los Angeles to New York

　　 [C] Beijing to Singapore

　　 [D] Sydney to Tokyo

 

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