2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(十)及答案|2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(十)

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　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )

　　It is acknowledged that the modern musical show is America"s most original and dynamic contribution toward theater. In the last quarter of a century, America has produced large 1 of musical plays that have been popular abroad 2 at home. 3, it is very difficult to explain 4 is new or 5 American about them, for the 6 are centuries old.

　　Perhaps the uniqueness of America"s contribution to the 7 can best be characterized through brief descriptions of several of the most important and best-known musicals. One of these is surely Oklahoma by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hamerstein. It burst 8 popularity in 1943. Broadway audience and critics were 9 by its 10, vitality and excitement. This "new" type of musical was 11 as kind of 12 theater in which the play, the music and lyrics, the dancing, and the scenic background were assembled not merely to provide entertainment and 13, but to 14 in a single unifying whole to contribute to its unique feature. 15, it meant that the songs and dances should 16 naturally out of the situations of the story and play an important part in carrying the action 17. In Oklahoma, an American folk-dance style was organically combined with classical ballet and modern dance. It is right to say that the musical was a brilliantly integrated performance by the talented dancers and singing actors.

　　Oklahoma also marked a new 18 in the choice of story on which a musical is based. Writers and composers began to abandon the sentimentally picturesque or aristocratic setting 19 more realistic stories in authentic social and cultural 20. Oklahoma was based on a "folk" whose story dealt not only with young love but also with the opening of the American West.

　　1AnumberBamountCquantityDnumbers

　　2Abetter thanBinstead ofCas well asDrather than

　　3AThereforeBYetCMoreoverDThus

　　4AwhichBthatCwhatDhow

　　5AcharacteristicallyBparticularlyCmainlyDexactly

　　6AfactorsBingredientsCcomposersDfacts

　　7AtraitBfeatureCgenreDstyle

　　8AwithBintoCout intoDin

　　9AstruckBtouchedCmovedDhit

　　10AvivacityBoriginalityCcreativityDdynamic

　　11AconceivedBthoughtCbelievedDperceived

　　12AspecialBpeculiarCgrossDtotal

　　13AvarietyBamusementCsundriesDfun

　　14AmixBjoinCputDshare

　　15AIn other wordsBTo sum upCOn the contraryDGenerally speaking

　　16AariseBderiveCraiseDoriginate

　　17AoutBonCforwardDthrough

　　18AdirectionBwayCmethodDepoch

　　19AforBwithCwithoutDexcept

　　20AcircumstancesBcontextCsituationDsurroundings

　　SectionⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Many current criticisms of the role of computer and multimedia technology in the school stem from an inability to grasp the nature and importance of computer literacy and to understand how new technologies can help revitalize education. This failure to embrace new technologies as a teaching device has been preceded by an uneven and never adequate use of film and television material in the classroom. So called "media" material was often used as a supplement, or as an excuse for the teacher to take a break from the arduous activity of interacting creatively with students, and is still used in this way. Yet rarely has media literacy been taught, and imaginative use of media materials in the classroom remains all to seldom—although creative use of computer and new multimedia material highlights how older media like photographic images, video documentary, and film can also immensely enhance instruction. Within K-12 classrooms, as well as higher echelons of learning, and even in Education schools where teachers are taught how to teach, media, computer, and technological literacies are rarely discussed. However, it is to be hoped that this situation may soon be changed under the pressures of the computerization of education now underway.

　　It appears as if a form of elitist blindness has emanated from far too many of the leading educational theorists and so called experts regarding the significance and importance of recognizing the enormous role of media in the everyday lives of both teacher and student. There is also a pervasive failure to employ these common and shared materials and media in a manner that intensifies and enhances the experience of education through teaching about the semiotic (符号学的) codes and ideological frames that organize and structure so much of media culture. Further, there is a general failure in developing critical skills and analytic abilities that empower both teacher and student, providing them with the skills to analytically criticize and interpret media culture. Moreover, critical media literacy in the computer era is necessary for understanding and navigating within ever more complex technological/ideological forms that require computer and multimedia literacy so as to enable students to utilize computers, CD-ROMs, the World Wide Web, and the Internet.

　　21What is the subject of this passage?

　　AThe role of computer and multimedia in education.

　　BInadequacies in understanding and using educational technologies.

　　CThe advantages of educational technology.

　　DThe prospect of new educational technology.

　　22In the author"s opinion, film and television .

　　Ahas helped revitalize education

　　Bhas been used in classroom in a imaginative way

　　Cwere used to teach media literacy

　　Dwere used in a improper way in education

　　23According to the author, some people criticize the role of computer and multimedia in the school not because .

　　Athey don"t understand the great positive effect of new technologies in education

　　Bthey pay too much attention on the negative effect of multimedia

　　Cthey can"t understand the nature of computer literacy

　　Dthey don"t know how important computer literacy is

　　24Which of the following is not the shortage in present education?

　　ATechnological materials and media are not used to teach about the semiotic codes and ideological fames.

　　BTeachers and students are in lack of critical skills and analytic abilities.

　　CTechnological literacies are only occupied and discussed by teachers.

　　DStudents can"t make fully use of computers, CD ROMs, the World Wide Web, and the Internet.

　　25We can infer from the passage that .

　　Asince new technologies have been invented, older media should be eliminated

　　Bcomputerization may worsen the present situation of education

　　Cmany educational theorists and experts haven"t realize the importance of media in education

　　Dmedia culture is organized by semiotic codes and ideological frames

　　Text 2

　　Many language teachers and learners tend to ask the question: Why should we teach or learn linguistics? Since linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language, it seems obvious that such a study would help a lot in language teaching and learning, although there is much difference between linguistics and language teaching or learning in their attitudes towards language, their goals, and their methods.

　　Language is viewed as a system of forms in linguistics, but it is regarded as a set of skills in the field of language teaching. Linguistic research is concerned with the establishment of theories which explains the phenomena of language, whereas language teaching aims at the learner"s mastery of language.

　　To bridge the gap between the theories of linguistics and the practice of foreign language teaching, APPLIED LINGUISTICS serves as a mediating area which interprets the results of linguistic theories and makes them user-friendly to the language teacher and learner.

　　Applied linguistics is conducive to foreign language teaching in two major aspects:

　　Firstly, applied linguistics extends theoretical linguistics in the direction of language learning and teaching, so that the teacher is enabled to make better decisions on the goal and content of the teaching. When faced with the task of designing a syllabus, the teacher has a number of choices. Should he set out to teach the language used in literary works, or that in daily communication? Should he teach the general system of the language, or a part of this system? What are the principles of compiling or choosing text book? What kind of exercises is most suitable? To answer these questions, the teacher is consciously or unconsciously using his understanding of the nature of language learning. Applied linguistics provides the teacher with a formal knowledge of the nature of language and language system, and thus increases his understanding of the nature of language learning. As a result, the teacher can make more informed decisions on what approach to take, hence what to teach.

　　Secondly, applied linguistics states the insights and implications that linguistic theories have on the language teaching methodology. Once the goal and content of the teaching are settled, the teacher has to consider questions of how to teach. Should the teaching-learning process be teacher-centred, textbook-centred, or learner-centred? How should the learner"s errors be treated? What techniques should be adopted in the classroom? Since applied linguistics defines the nature of language learning in connection with various linguistic theories, it helps the teacher to choose teaching methods and techniques.

　　26.What"s the passage mainly about?

　　A.The relation of linguistics to foreign language teaching.

　　B.The advantages of applied linguistics.

　　C.The methods of foreign language teaching.

　　D.The definition of applied linguistics.

　　27.Language teachers and learners should teach or learn linguistics. Because .

　　A.linguistics is the scientific study of language

　　B.the study of linguistics would help a lot in language teaching and learning

　　C.there"s much difference between linguistics and language teaching or learning

　　D.language is a system of forms in linguistics

　　28.Which of the following is not true about applied linguistics?

　　A.It"s one branch of linguistics.

　　B.It helps teachers to decide the content of teaching.

　　C.It"s not useful to foreign language learning.

　　D.It makes the results of linguistics theories more practical.

　　29.We could infer from the text that .

　　A.applied linguistics is one subject that a teacher should teach

　　B.applied linguistics could reveal the nature of language learning

　　C.applied linguistics is too abstract for the learners to understand

　　D.the teacher-learning process should be teacher-centred

　　30.Which of the following questions applied linguistics can"t solve?

　　A.What should a teacher teach?B.How should a teacher teach?

　　C.Why should a teacher teach?D.How to choose a text book?

　　Text 3

　　What will it mean to know the complete human genome. Eric Lander of MIT"s Whitehead Institute compares it to the discovery of the periodic table of the elements in the late 1800s. "Genomics is now providing biology"s periodic table." says Lander. "Scientists will know that every phenomenon must be explainable in terms of this meansly list" which will in on a single CD-ROM. Already researchers are extracting DNA from patients, attaching fluorescent molecules and sprinkling the sample on a glass chip whose surface is speckled with 10,000 known genes. A laser reads the fluorescence, which indicates which of the known genes on the chip are in the mystery sample from the patient. In only the last few months such "gene-expression monitoring" has diagnosed a muscle tumor in a boy thought to have leukemia, and distinguished between two kinds of cancer that require very different chemotherapy.

　　But decoding the book of life poses daunting moral dilemmas. With knowledge of our genetic code will come the power to re-engineer the human species. Biologists will be able to use the genome as a parts list much as customers scour a list of china to replace broken plates and may well let prospective parents choose their unborn child"s traits. Scientists have solid leads on genes for different temperaments, body builds, statures and cognitive abilities. And if anyone still believes that parents will recoil at praying God, and leave their baby"s fate in the hands of nature recall that couples have already created a frenzied market in eggs from Ivy League women.

　　Beyond the profound ethical issues are practical concerns. The easier it is to change ourselves and our children, the less society may tolerate those who do not; warns Lori Andrews of Kent College of Law. If genetic tests in uterus predict mental dullness, obesity, short stature or other undesirable traits of the moment will society disparage children whose parents let them be born with those traits? Already, Andrews finds, some nurses and doctors blame parents for bringing into the world a child whose birth defect was diagnosable before delivery; how long will it be before the same condemnation applies to cosmetic imperfections? An even greater concern is that well-intentioned choices by millions of individual parents-to-be could add up to unforeseen consequences for all of humankind. It just so happens that some disease genes also confer resistance to disease: carrying a gene for sickle cell anemia, for instance, brings resistance to malaria. Are we smart enough, and wise enough, to know how knocking out "bad" genes will affect our evolution as a species?

　　31The main similarity between the biology"s periodic table and the periodic table of the elements is .

　　Athey are both lists

　　Bthey can be used to explain every phenomenon in their own fields

　　Cthey can be used to diagnose diseases

　　Dthey are both used to cure diseases

　　32In the second paragraph, "the book of life" refers to .

　　Aa book written by a prophetBa book written by a biologist

　　Cthe periodic table of the elementsDthe human genome

　　33We can infer that some couples are eager to get eggs from Ivy league women because .

　　Athey can"t give birth to children

　　Bthey want to have a good-looking child

　　Cthey want to have a clever child

　　Dcuriosity drives them to do that

　　34It can be learned from the passage that .

　　A"gene-expression monitoring" is helpful in curing diseases

　　Ball of the disease genes are harmful to human beings

　　Cshort people may also be looked down upon in future

　　Dscientists are encouraged to do research on human genome

　　35The author"s attitude towards knowing the complete human genome can be described as .

　　AcriticalBobjectiveCpositiveDindifferent

　　Text 4

　　Western nations initially ignored Russia"s ruthless military campaign in Chechnya to gain Moscow"s support for the war on terrorism. Now, as reports of human rights abuses in the region stream in, Europe and America are losing patience.

　　Recent Amnesty International reports describe in gruesome detail the Russian military"s role in the rape and trafficking of Chechen women. A 2001 U.S. State Department report on trafficking in persons described Russia as "a source country for women trafficked for prostitution." Many of those women come from war-torn Chechnya. There are also reports of Russian soldiers using Chechen civilians as human shields to storm hideouts of Chechen militias. These dreadful war crimes speak volumes to the moral bankruptcy of the Russian military establishment, and continue to fuel the Chechen yearning for independence.

　　Shortly after Sept 11, President Putin may have convinced the West to look the other way. But the tide is beginning to turn. At a January meeting of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe(PACE) in Strasbourg, Germany, a special session was included to address the crisis in Chechnya, much to the chagrin of the Russian delegation. Russian delegates mocked Chechen representative Ahmed Zakaev, calling him a representative of Osama bin Laden. During the same period, a meeting took place between Chechen diplomat Ilyas Ahmadov and representatives of the U.S. State Department. These high-profile meetings between delegates of the Chechen resistance leadership and Western leaders seem to signal the end of short-lived Western silence.

　　The Russian government"s diplomatic failure to win legitimacy for its war in Chechnya and to equate it with the war in Afghanistan was also matched by a series of military blunders committed by its forces on the ground. Recently, the Russian military announced the conclusion of a sweeping crackdown on "terrorists", and claimed to have killed over 90 Chechen rebels. Shortly after the announcement, The Independent, a London-based paper, accused the Russian government of fabricating the news of the military crackdown to cover up the deaths of 15 Russian soldiers killed by friendly fire. Soon after, 14 senior Russian officials, including a deputy interior minister, were killed when their military helicopter crashed during a flight over Chechnya. The death toll included General Mikhail Rudhenko, who is in charge of security in southern Russia.

　　It may seem as if the plight of the Chechen people has no end in sight. But their determination to be free is unmistakable. Russia"s atrocities in Chechnya go back to the 19th century, when the diminutive but oil-rich region was annexed to the Czarist Empire after a bloody campaign of colonization. Since then, the Chechens have endured mass deportations and massacres, and have stared genocide in the face.

　　36.Europe and America didn"t blame Russia for its deeds in Chechnya mainly because .

　　A.Russia did nothing wrong in Chechnya before

　　B.they wanted to gain Russia"s support for the war on terrorism

　　C.they didn"t want to intervene into other countries-affairs

　　D.they were not blamed by advocates of human rights

　　37.The underlined word "fabricating" (Paragraph 4) most probably mean .

　　A.concealingB.reporting

　　C.inventing(in order to deceive)D.postponing

　　38.Which of the following is incorrect according to the passage?

　　A.President Putin hasn"t convinced the west to believe that its war on Chechnya is proper.

　　B.In the western nation"s opinion, the war in Chechnya is similar to that in Afghanistan.

　　C.Chechnya didn"t belong to Russia two centuries ago.

　　D.The Chechens have suffered a lot under the rule of Russia.

　　39.We can infer that .

　　A.Western nations will blame Russia for its ruthlessness in Chechnya

　　B.Russia will stop military crackdown in Chechnya

　　C.Chechnya will be liberated a few years later

　　D.Chechnya may become an ally of western states in future

　　40.The author"s attitudes towards the Chechens is .

　　A.neutralB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.critical

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　The Easter we celebrate today is a combination of different traditions. Partly, it comes from old festivals to celebrate Spring. And partly it comes from the Christian celebration of the rebirth of Jesus Christ.

　　41)__________________________________________________________.

　　42)___________________________________________________________.

　　The celebrations of Easter have many customs and legends that have nothing to do with Christianity. Of all the symbols associated with Easter, the egg, the symbol of richness and new life, is the most important. The customs and traditions of using eggs have been associated with Easter for centuries.

　　Originally, Easter eggs were painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring and were used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts. After they were colored and printed with various designs, the eggs were exchanged by lovers and romantic admirers. In the Middle Ages, eggs were traditionally given at Easter to the servants. In Germany, eggs were given to children along with other Easter gifts.

　　Different cultures have developed their own ways of decorating Easter eggs. Deep red colored eggs, to honor the blood of Christ, are exchanged in Greece. 43)_________.

　　In Germany and other countries eggs used for cooking were not broken, but the contents were removed by making a hole from the end of each egg with a needle and blowing the contents into a bowl. The hollow eggs were dyed and hung from trees during the Easter Week. 44)_____________________________________.

　　As with the Easter Rabbit and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians.

　　45)____________________________________________________.

　　Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs, those made of plastic or chocolate candy.

　　[A]In parts of Germany and Austria green eggs are used on Thursday of the Holy Week10.

　　[B]Eggs play an important part in Easter sports. The Romans celebrated the Easter season by running races on an oval 16 track and giving eggs as prizes.

　　[C]As a chief Christian festival, Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the 1st day of Spring. It can be as early as March 22, or as late as April 25! Many dates of the Christian calendar are dependent on Easter.

　　[D]Easter egg hunts are also part of a community"s celebration of the holiday.

　　[E]Most people agree that the word "Easter" comes from the Anglo-Saxon Goddess Eastre, a symbol of Spring. It is easy to see how "Eastre time" became "Easter time".

　　[F]The Armenians would decorate hollow eggs with pictures of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other religious designs.

　　[G]From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped14 in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals15 of certain flowers.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　46) Extraordinary claims, scientists like to say, require extraordinary proof, and none has been more extraordinary in recent years than Scottish embryologist Ian Wilmut"s claim that he and his colleagues had cloned a sheep named Dolly from a mammary cell of a pregnant ewe. 47) More than a year later, nobody has managed to reproduce the Dolly experiment, and Wilmut is under growing pressure to prove that his famous sheep is what he says she is. Last week at a genetics meeting at the University of Louisville, in Kentucky, he blandly conceded that there was a "remote possibility" that there could have been a mix-up that Dolly could turn out to be the clone not of the adult ewe, but of the fetus the ewe was carrying.

　　So does that mean all the cloning hoopla Dolly set off was for naught? Not quite. 48)What Wilmut is conceding is that Dolly"s mum or should we say her twin sister probably had some fetal cells circulating in her bloodstream, and that one of these fetal cells could conceivably have found its way into the laboratory culture from which Dolly sprang. Cloning an embryo from a fetal cell, of course, would not be as big a deal. What made the Dolly experiment so extraordinary was that Wilmut had managed to get the DNA of an adult cell to revert to its early embryonic state, opening the door to the cloning of a cell from full-grown human, say, a Michael Jordan or a Bill Gates.

　　49) Wilmut last week put the chances that Dolly was some sort of fetal-cell contamination at less than a million to one. Nonetheless, he and his colleagues are scrambling to track down any other tissue samples taken from Dolly"s mum so they can perform the genetic tests that will determine, once and for all, if Dolly"s DNA and her mum"s DNA are identical.

　　Meanwhile, scientists trying to make another Dolly or her bovine equivalent have come intriguingly close. For example, James Robl, at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, and his colleague Steven Stice have succeeded in cloning calf embryos from adult cells taken from a big, hoofed cow leg supplied by a local slaughterhouse. So far they"ve cloned hundreds of cells and nurtured dozens into embryos, but to date none of those embryos has survived past 60 days of gestation.

　　But this comes as no surprise, says Stice, the chief scientist for Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass.After all, it took Wilmut"s team 400 tries to create Dolly. Others attempting to reproduce the experiment could very easily find it takes 6,000 tries. Dolly, in other words, may turn out to be a fluke, not a fake. 50)No matter what she is, it"s looking less and less likely that we"re going to see clones of Bill Gates or Michael Jordan anytime soon.

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Directions:

　　Suppose you"ve graduated and been in a corporation for one year. Write a work report as every new comer is required. There will be three parts in the report:

　　1)benefits from the year

　　2)troubles that you came across during the year

　　3)drawbacks of the corporation or your suggestion to the corporation.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the report. Use "Jack Well" instead. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　(1)Title: Help Children to Be Independent

　　(2)Your composition should be based on the Outlines below.

　　Outlines:

　　(1)Many children are used to depending on others

　　(2)How can parents help children to be independent

　　(3)With parents" help children can be independent gradually

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