30多天考研成功_考研前30天成功试卷(英语)试卷4

【shitiku.jxxyjl.com--考研】

Model Test 4

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 1 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, 2 there are opportunities for overseas service for 3 technicians in developing countries. Some people, 4 those who retire early, 5 their technical and business skills in countries 6 there is a special need.

　　So in considering voluntary or 7 community service, there are more opportunities than there 8 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time 9 , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. 10 some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not 11 them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 12, both personal and 13. One should not join them 14 to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the 15, not business efficiency. Because salaries are 16 or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for 17, simply because they enjoy the work.

　　Many community activities possible 18 retirement were also possible during one"s working life but they are to be undertaken 19 seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.

　　1. A. oversea B. over sea C. over seas D. overseas

　　2. A. as B. so C. then D. that

　　3. A. quantity B. qualifying C. quality D. qualified

　　4. A. partially B. partly C. particularly D. passionately

　　5. A. order B. operate C. offer D. occupy

　　6. A. which B. where C. as D. that

　　7. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. pay

　　8. A. before B. lately C. never D. ever

　　9. A. team B. number C. staff D. crowd

　　10. A. In B. By C. With D. Through

　　11. A. look at B. comment C. enjoy D. judge

　　12. A. subjective B. subject C. objectives D. objects

　　13. A. organization B. organizational C. organized D. organizing

　　14. A. expecting B. to expect C. being expected D. expected

　　15. A. course B. cause C. case D. caution

　　16. A. little B. small C. large D. big

　　17. A. free B. freedom C. money D. something

　　18. A. before B. on C. in D. at

　　19. A. much B. very much C. no more D. no less

　　20. A. to be taken B. to take C. taking D. being taken

　　SectionⅡReading Comprehension

　　Text 1

　　Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said.

　　The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.

　　The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language.

　　But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world"s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal"s Universal Music and Sony Corp.

　　Results of the APA"s experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words."Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges,"said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.

　　While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.

　　21. According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with            .

　　A. actual performers of music B. a more hostile environment

　　C. feelings of hostility D. violent humors of the songs

　　22. The word"catharsis"in Para. 3 most probably means            .

　　A. an unpopular notion B. the removal of strong feelings

　　C. an increase of aggressive emotions D. the overreaction to violent lyrics

　　23. Which of the following statements is true?

　　A. The researchers" work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.

　　B. The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.

　　C. The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.

　　D. The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.

　　24. Craig Anderson would probably agree that               .

　　A. the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguous

　　B. more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so far

　　C. antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songs

　　D. nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses

　　25. It can be concluded from the passage that               .

　　A. some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostility

　　B. researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotions

　　C. parents needn"t worry a lot about their kids" occasional exposure to violent songs

　　D. music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its music

　　Text 2

　　The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into Chapter 11 bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry"s problems are deeper—and older—than the trauma of the past two years implies.

　　As the centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world"s biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the world"s biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world"s automobile market.

　　Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers.

　　In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London"s Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways.

　　In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a"compressed evolutionary cycle". So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?

　　26. According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry         .

　　A. are the effects of various disasters

　　B. are actually not fully recognized

　　C. are attracting a lot of attention

　　D. are not the real cause of airlines" bankruptcy

　　27. One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is          .

　　A. its history is much longer than that of car industry

　　B. it is composed of international and domestic carriers

　　C. its market is divided by many a relatively small carrier

　　D. it is still an industry of comparatively low profits

　　28. What does the author mean by"Aviation has been incompletely deregulated,"(Para.3)?

　　A. Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.

　　B. Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.

　　C. Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.

　　D. Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.

　　29. It can be inferred from the passage that                   .

　　A. free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industry

　　B. problems in America are more of a political nature than that in Europe

　　C. car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industry

　　D. there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved

　　30. According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry                 .

　　A. is facing a very serious situation

　　B. will confront a difficult evolution

　　C. has no way out of the present difficulty

　　D. will experience a radical reform

　　Text 3

　　Media mogul Ted Turner yesterday sold more than half of his AOL Time Warner Inc. holdings for about $780 million, a move that reflects his efforts to slash his financial stake in the media giant.

　　After the close of regular trading yesterday, Turner sold a block of 60 million shares to Goldman Sachs & Co. for $13.07 per share, or 31 cents below the stock"s closing price yesterday. Goldman was said by Wall Street sources to be offering the stock to major investors for $13.15.

　　An outspoken critic of the corporation, Turner remains AOL Time Warner"s largest individual shareholder, with 45 million shares, and a member of its board of directors. A spokeswoman for Turner referred questions to AOL Time Warner.

　　At his peak Turner owned about 130 million shares, but he lost billions of dollars in wealth and grew bitter after the stock plunged following the merger of America Online and Time Warner in January 2001.

　　Turner, who initially supported the merger, later expressed outrage over revelations that America Online had manipulated its financial results. The Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating AOL, and the corporation has acknowledged discovering tens of millions of dollars of overstated revenue.

　　Turner resigned as vice chairman earlier this year and has been spending less of his time on AOL Time Warner matters. He stepped down after achieving his goal of pressuring America Online founder Steve Case to resign as the corporation"s chairman. Case said he was giving up the post to avoid a bruising public battle for reelection at next week"s annual meeting.

　　In the effort to oust Case, Turner teamed up with Gordon Crawford, the senior media portfolio manager at Capital Research & Management, the largest institutional shareholder in AOL Time Warner. Capital Research has indicated it will vote against Case"s election to remain on the board of directors next week—a position that analysts said should not affect the outcome. Turner, meanwhile, has said he will support the management slate that includes Case and will make Richard D. Parsons the company"s chairman and chief executive.

　　Turner, a visionary who started Cable News Network, is in the midst of rolling out a new chain of restaurants, Ted"s Montana Grill, featuring bison burgers. He recently moved his residence from Georgia to Florida for estate-planning purposes and is spending time and money on his independent film company, which lost millions of dollars on a lengthy movie about the Civil War.

　　31. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that                  .

　　A. Goldman has made a profit from this transaction of shares with Turner

　　B. Turner always expresses his dissatisfaction with the corporation openly

　　C. Goldman bought the block of shares in order to become a member of the board

　　D. Turner sold a large portion of his shares to retreat from the media business

　　32. Turner became extremely angry because               .

　　A. he had to sell a large portion of his shares to Goldman at a loss

　　B. the merger covered the dissatisfactory financial results of AOL

　　C. American Online was found to have exaggerated its revenue

　　D. he lost billions of dollars in wealth due to the stock"s going low

　　33. All of the following about Case are true EXCEPT              .

　　A. he stepped down from the post of the founder of AOL

　　B. he used to be the chairman of AOL Time Warner

　　C. he had to resign from his post under pressure from Turner and Crawford

　　D. he will meet with opposition from Capital Research to remain on the board

　　34. The last paragraph shows that              .

　　A. Turner"s interest is presently centered on chain restaurants

　　B. Turner is such a changeable person on business matters

　　C. Turner will never give up his independent film company

　　D. Turner is a businessman full of imagination

　　35. The best title for this passage could be                  .

　　A. Turner makes a series of new decisions

　　B. Turner shows his anger at AOL Time Warner

　　C. Turner comes down from his peak in business

　　D. Turner slashes his financial stake in AOL Time Warner

　　Text 4

　　The U.S. Supreme Court"s decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.

　　By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower court"s decision that a Colorado company that posts ratings of health plans on the Internet could be sued for defamation in a Washington court. The lower court ruling is one of several that makes it easier for plaintiffs to sue Web site operators in their own jurisdictions, rather than where the operators maintain a physical presence.

　　The case involved a defamation suit filed by Chehalis, Wash.-based Northwest Healthcare Alliance against Lakewood, Colo.－based Healthgrades.. The Alliance sued in Washington federal court after Healthgrades. posted a negative ranking of Northwest Healthcare"s home health services on the Internet. Healthgrades. argued that it should not be subject to the jurisdiction of a court in Washington because its publishing operation is in Colorado.

　　Observers said the fact that the Supreme Court opted not to hear the case only clouds the legal situation for Web site operators.

　　Geoff Stewart, a partner at Jones Day in Washington, D.C., said that the Supreme Court eventually must act on the issue, as Internet sites that rate everything from automobile dealerships to credit offers could scale back their offerings to avoid lawsuits originating numerous jurisdictions.

　　Online publishers also might have to worry about being dragged into lawsuits in foreign courts, said Dow Lohnes & Albertson attorney Jon Hart, who has represented the Online News Association.

　　"The much more difficult problems for U.S. media companies arise when claims are brought in foreign countries over content published in the United States,"Hart said. Hart cited a recent case in which an Australian court ruled that Dow Jones must appear in a Victoria, Australia court to defend its publication of an article on the U.S.-based Wall Street Journal Web site.

　　According to Hart, the potential chilling effect of those sorts of jurisdictional decisions is substantial."I have not yet seen publishers holding back on what they otherwise publish because they"re afraid they"re going to get sued in another country, but that doesn"t mean it won"t happen if we see a rash of U.S. libel cases against U.S. media companies being brought in foreign countries,"he said.

　　Until the high court decides to weigh in directly on this issue, Web site operators that offer information and services to users located outside of their home states must deal with a thorny legal landscape, said John Morgan, a partner at Perkins Coie LLP and an expert in Internet law.

　　36. The author seems to believe that the Supreme Court"s decision              .

　　A. puts Web site operators at a legal disadvantage

　　B. renders correct legal decisions in other cases impossible

　　C. brings about a series of incorrect legal rulings

　　D. causes operators to issue balanced health plans

　　37. Healthgrades. claimed that it shouldn"t be sued in Washington because              .

　　A. its headquarters are in Colorado

　　B. it doesn"t have a physical presence in Washington

　　C. its rating didn"t have a harmful effect on the company

　　D. its operation was carried out in Washington area

　　38. According to Geoff Stewart, the high court"s decision will            .

　　A. make further acts on this issue difficult

　　B. originate numerous offerings of jurisdictions

　　C. cause Internet sites to be more cautious in their offerings

　　D. make providers of information go crazy

　　39. Hart cited a case in an Australian court to indicate that               .

　　A. the high court should weigh in immediately on the issue

　　B. problems for American media companies are getting more difficult

　　C. the jurisdictional decision will have a chilling effect on companies

　　D. American online publishers might be sued in foreign courts

　　40. The author writes this passage mainly to show that              .

　　A. the Supreme Court"s ruling is incorrect

　　B. legal problems are far from over

　　C. Internet legal borders are still not clear

　　D. uncertainties exist about validity of Web sites

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　In the United States, the factory developed first in the cotton textile industry. Due to the unusual nature of its founding, the mill of Almy, Brown, and Slater, in operation by 1793, are considered as the first American factory. Like many other American enterprisers, they had tried and failed to duplicate English spinning machinery. In 1789 there came to Rhode Island a young mechanical wizard, Samuel Slater, who had worked for years in the firm of Arkwright and Strutt in Milford, England. Having memorized the minutest details of the water frames, Slater immigrated to the United States, where he joined with Almy and Brown and agreed to reproduce the equipment for a mechanized spinning mill. Although small, the enterprise served as a training ground for operatives and as a pilot operation for managers.

　　41) . Between 1805 and 1815, 94 new cotton mills were built in New England, and the mounting competition led Almy and Brown to push their markets south and west. Only two decades after Arkwright machinery was introduced into this country, the market for yarn was becoming national and the spinning process was becoming a true factory operation as it was in England.

　　42) .

　　43) . By 1845, for instance, the Brady"s Bend Iron Company in western Pennsylvania owned nearly 6,000 acres of mineral land and 5 miles of riverfront upon the Allegheny. It mined its own coal, ore, limestone, fire-clay, and fire-stone, made its own coke, and owned 14 miles of railway to serve its works. The plant itself consisted of 4 blast furnaces, a foundry, and rolling mills. It was equipped to perform all the processes, from getting raw materials out of the ground to delivering finished rails and metals shapes to consumers, and could produce annually between 10,000 and 15,000 tons of rails. This company, with an actual investment of＄1,000,000, was among the largest in America before the Civil War, though there were rival works of approximately equal capacity and similar organization.

　　44) .

　　How one industry could adopt new methods as a consequence of process in another industry is shown by the fact that as the sewing machine was produced on a quantity basis, the boot and shoe industry developed factory characteristics. Carriages, wagons, and even farm implements were eventually produced in large numbers. 45) .

　　A. Two events propelled these changes. One was the successful introduction of the power loom into American manufacture; the other was the organization of production so that all four states of the manufacture of cotton cloth could occur within one establishment. These states were spinning, weaving, dying, and cutting.

　　B. After closely observing the workings of textile machinery in Great Britain, Francis Cabot Lowell, a New England merchant, gained sufficient knowledge or the secrets of mechanized weaving to enable him, with the help of a gifted technician, to construct a power loom superior to any that had been built to date.

　　C. Finally, where markets were more extensive, where there was a substantial investment in fixed plant, and where workers were subjected to formal discipline, some firms in the traditional mill industries other than the textile and iron industries achieved factory status. The great merchant flour mills of Baltimore and Rochester fell into this category, as did some of the large packing plants in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and (after 1840) Cincinnati.

　　D. In the anthracite region to the east, factory operation of furnaces and rolling mills had been achieved by 1850s. And at that time American factories were manufacturing arms, clocks and watches, and sewing machines.

　　E. A number of small cotton mills soon followed, but most of them failed by the turn of the century because their promoters did not aim to a wide market. Not until the"Embargo Act"of 1807 and the consequent scarcity of English textiles that stimulated demand for domestic manufacturers did spinning mills become numerous in the United States.

　　F. Consolidating all the steps of textile manufacture in a single plant lowered production costs. A large number of specialized workers were organized into departments and directed by executives who were not necessarily technical supervisors. The factory, by using power-driven machinery, produced standardized commodities in quantity.

　　G. In most other industries as well, the decade of the 1830s was one of expansion and experimentation with new methods. In the primary iron industry, establishments by the 1840s dwarfed those of a quarter century earlier, and even in the pre-steel era, some of them had passed beyond what could be called the mill state.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. 46) If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.

　　47) Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances imprinting, telecommunications photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed by international news.

　　No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. 48) For years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being channeled into millions of homes.

　　Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. 49) The modem communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.

　　50) Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is part, the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse. However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51. Directions:

　　You are annoyed by too many family comedies of a TV station. Write a complaint letter to the station. In your letter, you should tell them

　　1) your annoyance at the programs

　　2) the same feelings of others

　　3) your request of the station to reform.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use"Li Ming"instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points )

　　Part B

　　52. Directions:

　　Now more people enjoy buying lottery tickets. Study the following charts carefully and write an article on the topic of lottery. In your article, you should cover the following points.

　　1) describe the phenomenon;

　　2) analyze the phenomenon and give your comment on it.

　　You should write about 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

本文来源：https://shitiku.jxxyjl.com/kaoyan/1924.html