2005年考研英语一真题及答案_2005年考研英语全真模拟试题及解析

【shitiku.jxxyjl.com--考研】

section ⅠUse of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SH
EET 1.(10 points)

　　To produce the upheaval(激变) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The 1 of a halfdozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. 2 , an outcry（呐喊） for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction 3 among the alumni（校友） and friends of nearly all of the old college and grew into a movement that overrode（压倒） all 4 opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more 5 spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously 6 to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new 7 .Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by 8 off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new 9 of public duty.

　　The old-style classical education received its most crushing 10 in the citadel（城堡） of Harvard College, 11 Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the 12 forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s 13 . They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the 14 and the development of the 15 system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering(培养) of greater 16 in student life. Standard of admission were sharply advanced in 1872～1877. 17 the appointment of a dean（院长） to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of 18 , the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and 19 as young animals. One new course of study after another was 20 science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics and international law.

　　1. ［A］ uproar［B］ threshold［C］ emergency［D］ emergence

　　2. ［A］ However［B］ Moreover［C］ Thereafter［D］ Indeed

　　3. ［A］ aroused［B］ arose［C］ roused［D］ incurred

　　4. ［A］ conservative［B］ conventional［C］ radical［D］ profound

　　5. ［A］ flexible［B］ liberal［C］ literate［D］ literary

　　6. ［A］ rallied［B］ assembled［C］ gathered［D］ summoned

　　7. ［A］ resource［B］ orientation［C］ reserve［D］ enterprise

　　8. ［A］ putting［B］ taking［C］ growing［D］ letting

　　9. ［A］ point［B］ meaning［C］ commitment［D］ sense

　　10. ［A］ blow［B］ crack［C］ strike［D］ stroke

　　11. ［A］ when［B］ where［C］ which［D］ that

　　12. ［A］ drastic［B］ massive［C］ extreme［D］ progressive

　　13. ［A］ administration［B］ manipulation［C］ regulation［D］ institution

　　14. ［A］ subject［B］ course［C］ curriculum［D］ syllabus

　　15. ［A］ elective［B］ selective［C］ subjective［D］ objective

　　16. ［A］ diversity［B］ maturity［C］ seniority［D］ versatility

　　17. ［A］ By［B］ With［C］ Upon［D］ At

　　18. ［A］ penalty［B］ code［C］ virtue［D］ discipline

　　19. ［A］ little［B］ less［C］ much［D］ even

　　20. ［A］ opened up［B］ set down［C］ brought up［D］ laid down

section ⅡReading Comprehension--Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. M
ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　Massive changes in all of the world’s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it’s one of London’s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture…

　　That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.

　　This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.

　　The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US$125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10 000 000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100 000 000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.

　　So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.

　　Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Title” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!

　　21. Globalization of sporting culture means that

　　［A］ more people are taking up sports.

　　［B］ traditional sports are getting popular.

　　［C］ many local sports are becoming international.

　　［D］ foreigners are more interested in local sports.

　　22. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?

　　［A］ Good economic returns.［B］ Revival of traditional games.

　　［C］ Communications technology.［D］ Marketing strategies.

　　23. As is used in the passage, “globalization” comes closest in meaning to

　　［A］ “commercialization”.［B］ “popularization”.

　　［C］ “speculation”.［D］ “standardization”.

　　24. What is the author’s attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?

　　［A］ Favorable.［B］ Unclear.

　　［C］ Reserved. ［D］ Critical.

　　25. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because

　　［A］ they become more professional than ever.

　　［B］ they regard sports as consumer goods.

　　［C］ there exist few world-class championships.

　　［D］ sports events are exciting and stimulating.

　　Text 2

　　Why should anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1 068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year’s time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50 000 lives, some 13 000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1 068 in Missing Persons in the shade.

　　When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for name of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100 000 suggestions. As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50 000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.

　　There remains the dinnerparty game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America) .

　　It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.

　　Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: ‘Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility’. Then there had to be more women, too ( 12 percent, against the original DBN’s 3), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: ‘Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory’. That doesn’t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin).

　26. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume

　　［A］ because it is not worth the price.

　　［B］ because it has fewer entries than before.

　　［C］ unless one has all the volumes in the collection.

　　［D］ unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.

　　27. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that

　　［A］ the editors had clear roles to follow.

　　［B］ there were too many criminals in the entries.

　　［C］ the editors clearly favoured benefactors.

　　［D］ the editors were irrational in their choices.

　　28. Crippen was absent from the DNB

　　［A］ because he escaped to the U.S.

　　［B］ because death sentence had been abolished.

　　［C］ for reasons not clarified.

　　［D］ because of the editors- mistake.

　　29. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to

　　［A］ illustrate some features of the DNB.

　　［B］ give emphasis to his argument.

　　［C］ impress the reader with its content.

　　［D］ highlight the people in the Middle Ages.

　　30. On the whole, the writer’s tone towards the DNB was

　　［A］ complimentary.［B］ supportive.

　　［C］ disapproval.［D］ bitter.

　　Text 3

　　Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively “Southern”-the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.

　　What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Puritan colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.

　　However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern-acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models-was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Puritan colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.

　　31. The author is primarily concerned with

　　［A］ refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American South.

　　［B］ refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American South.

　　［C］ refuting the two premises that underlie Davis- discussion of the culture of the American South.

　　［D］ challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature.

　　32. The passage implies that the attitudes toward Native Americans that prevailed in the Southern colonies

　　［A］ developed as a response to attitudes that prevailed in Massachusetts and Connecticut.

　　［B］ derived from Southerners-strong interest in the law.

　　［C］ were modeled after those that prevailed in the North.

　　［D］ differed from those that prevailed in the Puritan colonies.

　　33. The author argues that, in describing American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras, historians

　　［A］ overestimated the importance of the puritans in the development of American culture.

　　［B］ did not attach enough importance to the strong religious orientation of the colonists.

　　［C］ failed to recognize undeniable cultural differences between New Hampshire and Rhode Island.

　　［D］ used Massachusetts and Connecticut as cultural models for the other American colonies.

　　34. Which of the following elements of Davis book is the author in agreement with?

　　［A］ Acquisitiveness was a characteristic unique to the South during the Colonial period.

　　［B］ There were significant differences between Puritan and Southern culture during the Colonial period.

　　［C］ The Southern colonies shared a common culture.

　　［D］ The Northern colonies shared a homogeneous culture.

　　35. The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was

　　［A］ dying out as Puritan influence began to grow.

　　［B］ self-consciously and distinctively Southern.

　　［C］ spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut.

　　［D］ more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of England.

　　Text 4

　　During the last three years, many speculated high about the possible intrusions concerning the corporate computing systems and global computing infrastructure. Fortunately, such and many other frightening predictions did not come true. Surely, technology is the prime reason for this achievement but at the core lies the work environment and the human factor.

　　We have seen that IT leaders in almost all areas have enormously reduced their expenses by adopting winning solutions provided by today’s security vendors. Does this mean technology alone is sufficient to deliver? No, in the truest sense, policies, their enforcement, along with education and training provide a winning combination to secure corporate computing.

　　As far as technology is concerned, due credit goes to security vendors and service providers for shielding users in many ways, from desktop antivirus software to integrated security appliances. Also, myths about the role played by operating systems in security have finally died out. Almost all OS vendors such as Microsoft, IBM, Sun, Red Hat, etc. have earned trust and recognition with their installed systems, suggesting that security is not a feature of an operating system.

　　The recently conducted 2003 InfoWorld Security Survey of more than 500 IT executives and strategists reveals that around 49 percent of reader respondents felt confidence in their systems-performance with fifty-two percent observing fewer than 100 attempts against their networks in the past year. This highlights the role of policies, enforcement, and positive culture in shielding away security breaches. In today’s IT culture, playing a black-hat is no longer desirable; rather it leads to quick apprehension and strict punishment with years to be spent behind the bars. Alternatively, one can earn both career and recognition by helping out the industry with ways and means of fighting security breaches and hostile attacks-this way of looking into the matter is rapidly gaining support by many.

　　Training is another important concern for IT leaders-it includes training to avert human error and improve overall security practices. Unfortunately, a large part, 79 percent, of InfoWorld 2003 Security Survey respondents felt their corporation employees and users underestimated the importance of adhering to their company’s security policies. It’s critical not to underestimate the role of sound security practices since employees and users shape the needs for enterprise services.

　　Two other elements must also be kept in consideration: rigorous education and awareness of security requirements and significant number of staff to monitor and enforce security practices in the enterprise, the need for which is stronger than ever since many enterprises today handle security internally. All this underscores greater demand for training and education for securityrelated workers.

　　36. Which of the following elements is the most critical to online security according to the author?

　　［A］ IT culture.

　　［B］ Desktop antivirus software.

　　［C］ Operating systems.

　　［D］ The efforts by online security vendors.

　　37. An operating system is no guarantee of online security probably because

　　［A］ some OS suppliers are not trustworthy.

　　［B］ antivirus software is not updated in due time.

　　［C］ it still fails to shield users from intrusions.

　　［D］ some terminals are not installed with such a system.

　　38. The 2003 survey reveals that

　　［A］ hostile online attacks are still rampant.

　　［B］ other elements than technology are at work for greater security.

　　［C］ fighting online attacks is a neverending battle.

　　［D］ new operating systems should be updated constantly to fight viruses.

　　39. It is important that employees stick to their company’s security policies because

　　［A］ they often make errors in operating their systems.

　　［B］ everyone will have to follow the rules anyway.

　　［C］ security breaches are often caused by their blunders.

　　［D］ they are the ultimate users of the network.

　　40. The word “underscore” in the last sentence of the text probably means

　　［A］ underestimate.［B］ ignore.

　　［C］ emphasize.［D］ meet.

section ⅡReading Comprehension--Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41～45, choose the
most suitable one from the list A～G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Though most people don’t seem to realize it, it’s a disease, akin to alcoholism and drug addiction, and it has ruined more families and more relationships than statistics can accurately define. It’s gambling-and it’s one of the most underrated problems in America today.

　Richie Martine can attest to this fact. As he speaks, his eyes tell the story as they transcend the excitement of a racetrack photo finish and the disappointment of losing this month’s rent on a solitary basketball game. He’s excited, then subtle. 41) .

　　Richie bets on anything, from the World Series to the presidential election. Hours before his sister delivered her first child, he attempted to bet his brother-in-law thirty dollars it would be a boy. 42) .

　　He once admitted, “Over the last five years, I’ve lost at least twenty-five thousand dollars, and even though it hasn’t really broke me, I feel like I’m always chasing what I’ve lost.”

　　43) . “I used to bring my ex-girlfriend to the racetrack and Atlantic City all the time,” he remembered, “but when I’d lose I’d snap at her all the way home. She couldn’t take it any more.” His gambling habits started early when, as a young boy, he’d bet nickels with his father on TV bowling tournament. “We’d bet on every ball that went down the alley,” he recalled. “It was just for fun.” Though it seemed harmless at the time, it led to a more serious and distressing involvement in gambling. And this, he feels, has thrust upon his father strong feelings of guilt. “I’ve never blamed him for my problem and he knows it, but I don’t think he’ll ever be satisfied until I quit.”

　　44) . “When I win, it’s like everything I touch turns to gold, but when I lose, I want to dig a hole and crawl right in it,” he said. It’s these sensations, these extremes of emotion, that give his life a sense of meaning and keep him in constant touch with his bookie.

　　45) .

　　Lately, however, he has taken some drastic steps towards rehabilitation. He has quit his day job and taken a night one in the hope of isolating himself from the world of racetracks and ballparks, which operate primarily at night. “What I don’t know won’t hurt me,” he says with a sad smile. He also hopes the changes in “work friends” will influence his habits.

　　“It’s a no-win situation, just like alcohol and drugs,” he concludes. “And I’m tired of it.” The world of sports will never go away, nor will the excitement of winning and losing, but with a little luck and a lot of self-control he may suppress his disease-but don’t bet on it.

　　［A］ He freely admits his affliction, which he feels is an important step towards recovery, but the exhilarating world of taking chances is not an easy place to leave.

　　［B］ His mood changes reflect a man whose very life goes from ecstatic highs to severe doldrums-depending on Sunday’s games.

　　［C］ In his mind, gambling is a fine art requiring skill, strategy, and most importantly, a little grace from Lady Luck.

　　［D］ At times, the stench of losing becomes so unbearable he vows to rehabilitate himself. Every Monday morning, after a weekend of gambling away half of Friday’s paycheck, he takes an oath to change his destructive ways-so far without success. “Every time I’m ready to quit, I win a good buck. Then I’m right back where I started.”

　　［E］ But mainly he gambles on sports and, when playoff time arrives, Richie’s money usually departs.

　　［F］ His obsession with gambling has also had profound effect on several relationships.

　　［G］ Gambling is to him a pleasurable activity. He goes to the racetrack, watches the pageantry of the horses, jockeys and silks, and enjoys the spectacle more because he has a $ 2 or $ bet on the outcome. He enjoys spending a day or two in Las Vegas or Atlantic City. But he goes only once every year or two, and sets himself a limit of $ 50 or $ 100 a day. When that’s gone, he walks around and sees the sights.

section ⅡReading Comprehension--Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　46） In an era when headlines shout about the latest cancer scare, Ames has a different message: the levels of most manmade carcinogens are generally so low that any danger is trivial compared with the levels of natural carcinogens.

　　Ames is not a quack. At age 59, he is one of the nation’s most respected authorities on carcinogenesis. 47） His resume is packed with honors, including the Charles S.Mott Prize from the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation, one of the most prestigious awards in cancer research, and membership in the National Academy of Sciences. Even his critics say the Ames test-his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer-is a remarkable achievement.

　　But Ames slaughters sacred cows. He’s taking on the environmental movement, which some have called the single most important social movement of the 20th century. In April 1987, for instance, he and two colleagues, Renae Magaw and Lois Swirsky Gold, published a report in Science that ranked various possible cancer risks. 48） Based on animal tests of nearly 1 000 chemicals, the data show that daily consumption of the average peanutbutter sandwich, which contains traces of aflatoxin (a naturally occurring mold carcinogen in peanuts), is 100 times more dangerous than our daily intake of DDT from food, and that a glass of the most polluted well water in the Silicon Valley is 1 000 times less of cancer risk than a glass of wine or beer is. What he’s saying is that most cancer risks created by man are trivial compared with everyday natural risks, and it’s not clear how many of these are real risks. Both types distract attention from such enormous risk factors as tobacco.

　　Ames’s cancer research began about 25 years ago over a bag of potato chips. Ames, then conducting research for the National Institutes of Health in Maryland, was reading the ingredients on the bag. 49） It struck him that no one knew what each chemical did to human genes, and there was no easy way to find out.

　　At that time, scientists testing for carcinogenicity had to set up time-consuming and costly lab experiments on rats and mice. 50） Armed with the knowledge that bacteria are sensitive to substances that cause mutation, and that carcinogens were likely to be mutagens, Ames developed a carcinogen test using bacteria. The Ames test was hailed as a major scientific development and is now used worldwide.

section ⅢWriting--Part A

　　51. Directions:

　　There is an error in an English magazine that you feel must be corrected. Write a letter to the editor
to

　　1) point out the mistake,

　　2) suggest correction, and

　　3) express your interest in the magazine.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

section ⅢWriting--Part B

　　52. Directions:

　　Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

　　1) describe the draw
ing,

　　2) interpret its meaning, and

　　3) give your comments.

　　You should write about 160～200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points

全真模拟试题一解析

　　(一)英语知识运用

　　短文大意：三个主要因素的相互作用引发了美国19世纪后期高等教育领域的巨变，即：其一，教育界出现了六位领袖为改革
提供了人的动力；其二，几乎所有老牌学院的校友及盟友都大声疾呼，要求更新、更实用、更先进的教学；其三，耶鲁和哈佛大学纷纷出现改革的运动，使得美国的高等教育从东到西都被推上更高的水平。

　　首句译文：“从19世纪60年代中期到19世纪80年代中期，有三个主要原因的相互作用引发了美国高等教育领域的一场激变，这场激变改变了美国的高等教育并使之变得现代化。”

　　1. ［D］ emergence

　　六位领袖的为改革提供了人的动力，根据personal force可判定选emergence，意为“出现”，其他不合文意。［A］ uproar“骚动、喧嚷”，跟领袖无关；［B］ threshold“门槛、开端”，跟leader无关，如：on the threshold of an era of prosperity“处于繁荣时代的开端”；［C］ emergency“紧急事件、紧急状况”。

　　2. ［B］ Moreover

　　这句与上句有并列关系，都是关于引发教育界激变的原因。Moreover“此外、并且”，其他不合逻辑。［A］ However“然而”，表转折；［C］ Thereafter“此后、以后”，表时间；［D］ Indeed“的确、确实”，用于强调附加的内容。

　　译文：“此外，几乎所有老牌学院的校友及盟友都大声疾呼，要求更新、更实用、更先进的教学，这发展成为一场运动，压倒一切保守抵抗。”

　　3. ［B］ arose

　　根据句子的语法要求，只能选择一个不及物动词，即arose“出现、发生”，如：Incompatibility may arise.“不相容的情况可能发生”，其他均为及物动词。［A］ aroused“引起、激起”，强调唤醒或打开人的眼界去注意某种观点，如：The program is certain to arouse opposition.“那个纲领一定会引起反对”；［C］ roused“激起、唤起、使觉醒”，强调号召或采取行动，如：rouse sb. into action“激励某人行动起来”；［D］ incurred“招致、引起、遭受”，如：incur a protest“惹起抗议”。译文见2题。

　　4. ［A］ conservative

　　反对意见应该与改革背道而驰，首先排除常用于修饰改革的［C］ radical“激进的”；［B］和［D］也不合文意；［D］ profound“深厚的、深奥的”；［B］ conventional“惯例的、常规的”，所以选conservative“保守的”。译文见2题。

　　5. ［B］ liberal

　　耶鲁大学的运动要求更的精神，只有liberal能修饰精神，liberal“自由主义的”，如：a liberal style of painting“不拘一格的绘画风格”，其他不合文意。［A］ flexible“灵活的、易弯曲的”；［C］ literate“有读写能力的、受过教育的”；［D］ literary“文学上、精通文学的”。

　　全真模拟试题一解析2005年考研英语模拟考场6. ［A］ rallied

　　耶鲁大学出现了运动，同时哈佛学院的学生也团结起来，rallied“团结、集合”，通常指为支持某观点或政党而集会，如：University students rallied in protest.“大学生举行抗议集会”，其他不合文意或语法要求。［B］ assembled“集合”，主要指（使）人们集合到一起；［C］ gathered“集合”，与assemble同义，但不那么正式；［D］ summoned“召唤、召集、传讯”，及物动词，有正式命令的含义，如：summon a parliament meeting“召开国会会议”。

　　译文：“同时，哈佛学院的毕业生也举行集会以缓解学院的贫困状况并唤起新的进取精神。”

　　7. ［D］ enterprise

　　enterprise作不可数名词的词意为“进取心、事业心”，在句中符合语法和文意。［A］ resource作不可数名词的词意为“急智、谋略”；［B］ orientation“适应”；［C］ reserve“储备品、储量”。译文见6题。

　　8. ［C］ growing

　　教育与教会统治的关系疏远了（off the church leadership），所以选growing，表示一个变化过程。其他不合文意。［A］ putting off“拖延”；［B］ taking off“拿走、起飞”；［D］ letting off“开枪、宽恕”。

　　译文：“在美国东部各地，教育日益脱离教会的统治；在西部，学习的范围更加宽泛，教育又找到了新的公共义务感。由此，教育被推上更高的水准。”

　　9. ［D］ sense

　　能够与duty搭配的选项只有sense，意为“观念、意识”，如：a keen sense of honor/inferiority“强烈的荣誉感/自卑感”，其他不合搭配。［A］ point“意义”；［B］ meaning“意思”；［C］ commitment“委托、承担义务”。译文见8题。

　　10. ［A］ blow

　　上段讲美国的教育改革，这段讲哈佛的具体做法。陈旧的传统教育在哈佛受到毁灭性的。首先排除［B］ crack“裂缝、爆裂声”；［C］ strike“打、击、敲”和［D］ stroke“打击、敲”也不合文意。所以选blow“打击”，receive a crushing blow“受到毁灭性的打击”。

　　译文：“陈旧的传统教育方式在哈佛学院这个安全之地也受到最毁灭性的打击，前哈佛财务主管的儿子、35岁的Charles Eliot博士是哈佛的年轻领导，是他领导了革新力量。”

　　11. ［B］ where

　　这是一个非限制性定语从句，由于从句中的主要成分俱全，因此排除连接代词［C］ which和［D］ that；［A］ when指时间，也不能修饰中心词Harvard College，所以选连接副词where，指at Harvard College，其他不合语法。译文见10题。

　　12. ［D］ progressive

　　文章主题为教育改革，可以描述改革力量的选项为progressive，意为“革新的；进步的”，其他不合文意。［A］ drastic“激烈的、严厉的”；［B］ massive“大而重的、大规模的”；［C］ extreme“尽头的、极端的”。译文见10题。

　　13. ［A］ administration

　　Eliot博士在执政的第一年里就进行了五项改革。他在哈佛的任职可以表达为administration，意为“行政、管理”，指实施行政作用，其他不合文意。［B］ manipulation“处理、操作”；［C］ regulation“规则、管理”，主要指用章程、秩序或模式来命令或控制；［D］ institution“公共机构、制度”，与Eliot无关。

　　14. ［C］ curriculum

　　能够与enlargement“扩大”构成动宾搭配的选项为curriculum，意为“课程设置”，enlargement of curriculum“扩大课程设置”，其他不合搭配。［A］ subject“科目”；［B］ course“具体的课程”；［D］ syllabus“大纲”。

　　15. ［A］ elective

　　根据前文的a broader course of study和enlargement of curriculum等可判断学校要发展选修制度，所以选elective“选修的”，其他不合文意。［B］ selective “认真挑选的、选择的”；［C］ subjective“主观的”；［D］ objective“客观的”。

　　16. ［B］ maturity

　　哈佛进行的改革不仅涉及入学条件、课程设置等与教学密切相关的方面，还包括对学生生活中针对成熟人格的培养。根据fostering“培养”，in student life及后文的more as young gentlemen and less as animals可推测答案为maturity“成熟”，其他不合文意或搭配。［A］ diversity“多样性”；［C］ seniority“长辈、老资格”；［D］ versatility“多才多艺”。

　　17. ［A］ By

　　任命院长appointment of a dean和对纪律的明智处理a wise handling of discipline都是学校采取的方式，所以选by，意为“通过做某事”，其他不合文意。［B］ With指通过使用某种工具；［C］ Upon“在……时候”，表时间；［D］ At指具体的时间或地点。

　　译文：“通过任命一名院长负责学生事务以及对纪律的明智处理，使得本科生们把自己看作是年轻的绅士，而不是小动物。”

　　18. ［D］ discipline

　　根据“学生的行为更像绅士，而不是动物”，可推断学校对他们的纪律有要求，所以选discipline“纪律、行为准则”，如：keep discipline in the classroom“维持课堂纪律”，其他不合文意。［A］ penalty“惩罚”；［B］ code“规定、规则”，如：the social code of manners“社交礼貌规范”；［C］ virtue“美德”。译文见17题。

　　19. ［B］ less

　　根据前面的more as young gentlemen和平行结构的要求，所以选less。其他不合语法或文意。译文见17题。

　　20. ［A］ opened up

　　与新课程有逻辑关系的选项为opened up，意为“开设”，其他不合文意。［B］ set down“放下、记下”；［C］ brought up“培养、使成长”； ［D］ laid down“放下、制定、铺设”。

　　(二)阅读理解

　　A部分

　　21.［C］意为：许多地区性的体育项目正走向国际化。

　　第一段提到，世界上深受人们喜爱的所有体育运动习惯正在发生巨大的变化。不管是伦敦人在某个公园打垒球，还是俄罗斯人打橄榄球，或者是能与英国足球杯决赛相媲美的（美国）橄榄球超级杯比赛在英国进行电视转播，运动模式和观赏模式都变得难以辨认。我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程。以下以环法自行车比赛为例，说明了一些运动项目如何从地区性发展到全球化的过程。

　　22.［B］意为：传统体育项目的复兴。

　　［A］意为：好的经济效益。第二段提到，那些重要人物（people who really matter）对全球化趋势持欢迎态度。Peugeot（汽车制造商），Michelin（轮胎制造商）和Panasonic（电器制造商）都是跨国公司，它们都在球队身上投资百万，想在世界范围内增加自己的收益。他们知道，这种非官方的世界锦标赛成为这样（指全球化）实际上对他们好处无穷（a world of good）。

　　［C］意为：通信技术。第三段提到，我们所看到的无疑是一场以经济为基础的革命，是通信技术的发展使这场革命成为可能，但是这场革命的发生却有其促销方面的考虑（选择项［D］表达的内容）。推广某种体育比赛就等于促销可口可乐或Budweiser啤酒。

　　可见，选择项［A］、［C］、［D］表达的内容文章都提到了。

　　23.［A］意为：商业化。

　　本文提到的体育文化的全球化实质上是一个商业化过程。作者在第三段称这个全球化过程为一场以经济为基础的革命，这场革命的发生有其销售方面的考虑。所谓economicbased revolution实际上指通过体育比赛的全球化达到经济--或赚钱的目的。在第四段作者举例说明了这个过程：将美国橄榄球推广到欧洲，目的不是为了发展这项运动，而是为了增加观众的人数，如果有很多的人对这项运动感兴趣，商人们挣到的钱也就越多，如门票收入、广告收入等。

　　［B］意为：普及。

　　［C］意为：投机。

　　［D］意为：标准化。

　　24.［D］意为：批评的。

　　第五段提到，某些人正建议将45分钟为半场的足球比赛变成四个单位，每25分钟为一个比赛单位。这样做的目的毫不掩饰地是为了增加广告收入，根本不考虑这种比赛的整体性，而作为一场整体性的运动，足球比赛本质上强调的是运动的不间断性（flowing nature of the action）。可见，作者在这里对这种建议进行了批评，认为它破坏了足球运动的本质特征。

　　［A］意为：支持的。

　　［C］意为：有保留的。

　　25.［B］意为：他们把体育项目看作是消费品。

　　最后一段提到，由于体育项目进入世界市场，由于作为消费者的我们的选择余地也在增加，我们越来越要求看到高水平的比赛。在这句话中，as引导的两个从句表达原因，so以后则是主句部分。而该题提问的恰好就是原因。

　　26.［C］意为：除非你拥有整套书。

　　第一段提到，人们为什么要购买不断增补的《全国名人传记辞典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些评论家一样认为这本辞典不好。但是，它的价格高达65英镑，而且，你买了其他卷册了吗？你需要22卷基础册，加上每两年出版的增订卷，要买齐整套书就要买31册。这里的含义是，这本辞典每两年都要出版增补卷，除非你全部都买了，否则购买最新一卷就没有意思。

　　［B］意为：因为它比以前包含的词条少。

　　［D］意为：除非增补的《全国名人传记辞典》很快就能面世。第一段后半段的意思是，当然，有人会回答说：公共图书馆和学术性的图书馆会购买最新一卷，无论怎么说，新的一卷增加了1 068人的传记，是辞典里原来没有的。但是，10年以后，整个辞典的修订版将要出版，书名将改为《新全国名人传记辞典》。辞典的编写者Colin Matthew教授告诉我说，新辞典将包括5万人，比目前的辞典大约多13 000人。同这个数目相比，补遗的1 068人就是大巫见小巫了。可见，这里并没用提到［D］表达的内容。

　　27.［D］意为：编写者的选择是没有依据的。

　　第三段提到，还有选录谁不选录谁的问题。这是评论者提出的问题，并且他们将来还会提出类似问题。我起初就担心罪犯的选录问题。《全国名人传记辞典》原版本就声称：那些犯了长久引起人们兴趣的罪孽的坏人，和做了好事的人几乎同样受到了辞典的关注。John Gross先生也有类似的担忧，因为他指责说：虽然辞典收录了杀人犯Christie，但却没有收录Crippen。人们也许会回答说：将Evans而不是Christie处以绞刑，这种（司法的）不公正对于在英国废除极刑是一种促动力。但是，如果是那样的话，Crippen还是利用电报手段所逮捕的第一个凶手呢。言外之意，Crippen也是一个特殊案例，值得收录辞典。

　　第四段也提到，看到Max Miller未被收录，而有些没有太大意义的人却被收录了，这很让人不解。辞典刻意收录了一些中世纪的艺术家和建筑家，但他们的生平却不详。

　　可见，这里批评了辞典在选择收录词条的标准上不能令人信服。

　　［A］意为：编写者遵行明确的标准。

　　28.［C］意为：原因不详。

　　参阅上一题题解。作者也不明白为什么没有收录Crippen，虽然他似乎觉得应该收录此人。

　　［B］意为：因为极刑还没有被废除。

　　29.［B］意为：强调他的论点。

　　作者在最后一段提到了辞典中包括的几个生平不详，而且是他认为被莫名其妙地收录辞典的人，用以说明他在上一段提到的疑问（见对27题的解释）。其中提到了Hugo of Bury St Edmunds，其生死日期不详，辞典中的传记说：不论Hugo是不是一个壁画家，对他作为一个雕刻家和手抄本画家的活动的记载，足以证明他是多才多艺的。还有都铎王朝时期的画家Levina Teerlinc，撰写她的传记的Roy Strong说：她的画法很拙劣，很苍白和草率。在作者看来，既然是这样，她似乎就没有资格被当作什么了不起的艺术家被收录。可是，这也比辞典的原版本好多了，因为原版本收录了一些根本不存在的人--如Merlin（梅林是传说中亚瑟王的顾问，是一个魔术师和预言家）。

　　［A］意为：举例说明辞典的某些特色。

　　［D］意为：强调中世纪的人。

　　30.［C］意为：不赞许。

　　作者总的来说对这套辞典进行了批评。参阅以上各题题解。

　　31.［B］意为：驳斥一种有关早期美国南方文化独特性的论点。

　　第一段提到，1815年以后几十年中，美国南方开始形成典型的“南方”特色，而令人感到意外的是，现代历史学家很少对美国的这段历史感兴趣。结果，他们在撰写17和18世纪的英国北美帝国的文化历史时，似乎认为南方各殖民地根本不存在。殖民地和革命（指美国独立战争）时代的美国文化仅仅被描述为新英格兰地区清教徒文化的一种衍生物。可是，Davis教授最近提出，在这个早期时代，南方与其他地区的美国社会不同，有其独特的文化发展模式。这种认为南方有其独特性的论断基于两个相互联系的前提：1）南方五个殖民地州文化相似性大于相异性，2）这五个殖民地州的相似性使它们区别于其他殖民地州。对于第一个前提，Davis教授用大量事实进行了说明，因此可以在没有重大保留的情况下被接受；但是第二个却很成问题。在以下的两段中，作者驳斥了第二种观点，认为只有位于新英格兰地区的马萨诸塞州（Massachusetts）和康涅狄格州（Connecticut）才表现出典型的清教徒文化，而其他州（包括南方各殖民地州）则表现出典型的英国文化特色。换言之，不存在南北方的对立，只存在这两个州与其他州的差别。

　　［A］意为：驳斥一种有关清教徒文化影响早期美国南方的论断。

　　［C］意为：驳斥Davis教授有关美国南方文化的论断的两个前提。本文作者只驳斥了Davis教授的第二个前提。

　　［D］意为：驳斥认为早期美国文化本质上属于同质文化的假设。

　　32.［D］意为：与盛行于清教徒殖民地的态度不同。

　　第二段提到，Davis教授的第二个前提之所以有问题，是因为他把清教徒殖民地作为对比的基础。他指出，历史学家夸大了清教徒在美国文化的形成过程中所起的影响，他的这种指责不无道理。但是，他使用清教徒作为标准，以此来衡量南方各殖民地所取得的成就和贡献，这无意中等于强调了清教徒所起的作用。Davis自始至终强调南方各州和清教徒州（这里指北方各州）在定居的动机和模式、对自然和北美土著人的态度以及对都市化文化的接受程度上的重大的、不可否认的差别。由此推断，南北方对印第安人（北美土著人）的态度有所差别。

　　［A］意为：是在对盛行于马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州的态度的反应过程中形成的。

　　［B］意为：来自于南方人对法律的浓厚兴趣。

　［C］意为：是对盛行于北方的态度的模仿。

　　33.［A］意为：夸大了清教徒在美国文化的形成过程中的重要性。

　　第一段提到，许多历史学家把美国文化仅看作是新英格兰地区清教徒文化的延伸（extension）。从后面的论述来看，作者显然认为这夸大了事实。

　　［B］意为：不重视殖民主义者重大的宗教倾向。

　　［C］意为：没认识到新罕布什尔州和罗得岛州不可否认的文化差别。

　　［D］意为：用马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州作为美国其他各殖民地的文化模式。这个选择项的意思是：用这两个州的文化模式来解释其他州的文化模式。这显然跟原文说的意思不一样。原文所说的新英格兰地区指美国早期东北的一个地区，由现在的缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州和罗德岛州组成。

　　另请参阅本文对31题的解释。

　　34.［B］意为：在殖民地时代，清教徒文化（指马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州盛行的清教徒文化）和南方文化有显著差别。

　　最后一段提到，最近学术界提出，早期新英格兰地区文化的那些特点，如浓厚的宗教倾向和维护公共利益的动机，从表面上看似乎属于独特的清教徒文化，但是，这种文化甚至并不是整个新英格兰地区的典型文化特色，而是在很大程度上局限于马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州这两个州。因此，在Davis看来同清教徒殖民地（不仅包括这两个州）相对应的南方各殖民地州所独有的一些特点，如贪婪、对政治和法律的浓厚兴趣、创立都市文化模式的倾向等，与清教徒思想盛行的马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州的文化模式相比，不仅更多地表现出典型的英国文化特点，而且更确切地说是从巴巴多斯岛（现在是据西印度群岛最东端岛屿的一个国家），北到罗德岛和新罕布什尔州（位于新英格兰地区）等多数其他早期现代英国殖民地地区的文化特点。那么，在美国殖民地生活的大框架之内，不是南方各殖民地，而是清教徒殖民地（指马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州），看起来具有独特的文化特征，而且到殖民地后期，即使是这两个州也看起来似乎很快同化进主流文化模式。

　　可见，作者承认的是清教徒文化占主流的马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州同南方各州的文化差别。

　　［A］意为：贪婪是殖民地时代南方各州独有的特征。根据原文，这不仅是南方所独有的，而且是北方部分州所拥有的。

　　［C］意为：南方各殖民地共享一种文化模式。在作者看来，南方各州和北方部分州具有相似的文化模式。

　　［D］意为：北方各殖民地具有一种同质文化。这是作者所批评的Davis的观点。

　　35.［C］意为：传播到马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州。

　　参阅第三段第二、三句。这里指出，南方各州和北方部分州表现出典型的英国文化，其中包括创立都市化文化模式的倾向。最后一句说马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州很快同化于主流文化。这里的含义是：创立都市文化模式的倾向也很快波及到这两个州。参阅上一题题解。

　　［A］意为：随着清教徒文化开始增加其影响而死亡。

　　［B］意为：自主的，具有典型的南方特征。

　　［D］意为：与英国相比更典型地表现在南方各殖民地。

　　36.［A］意为：信息产业的氛围。

　　第一段提到，在过去的三年中，许多人预测公司的计算机系统和全球计算机基础设施很可能受到侵害。可喜的是，这样的预测以及其他一些可怕的预测都没有发生，当然，其中技术起了重大作用，但是起核心作用的（at the core）因素是工作环境和人的因素。本文第二、三段提到了技术因素在维护网络安全方面起到的作用，第四、五、六段提到了work environment和human factor在其中起到的作用。根据第四段，这里所谓“工作环境”，实际上指信息产业行业内一种积极正面的氛围（positive IT culture）。

　　37.［C］意为：仍然不能让使用者免受侵害。

　　第三段提到，就技术而言，应该感谢安全技术供应商和服务商，他们用各种方式保护用户，包括计算机杀毒软件和综合安全工具。同时，有关操作系统在确保安全上起的作用的神话最终破灭了（即：操作系统不能保障安全），网上安全技术的供应商提供的安装系统已经获得了信赖和认可，这说明，操作系统并不能保障安全。第四段提到了所谓安全缺口（security breaches）。据此，第三段的意思显然是说只安装操作系统本身并不能保障安全。

　　38.［B］意为：除技术之外其他因素在安全方面也起了作用。

　　第四段提到对500多位信息产业的领导和战略研究者的一项调查，调查显示，约49％的被调查者对他们系统的运转情况表示有信心（即：不害怕遭到侵害），52％的人在过去一年中发现有不到100起针对其网络的侵袭。在作者看来，这说明了公司的政策、实施的措施和积极的氛围在补堵安全的缺口上起到了显著作用。在今天的信息产业氛围下，捣鬼（指散布病毒等）不再受人欢迎，会引起人们的厌恶，甚至会受到严惩，坐几年牢。相反，如果能帮助产业补堵安全缺口，防止恶意的侵害，则会事业兴旺，受人赞誉。这些认识正在迅速受到许多人的肯定。可见，技术不是万能的。

　　39.［D］意为：他们最终是网络的使用者。

　　第五段提到培训的作用，指出：不幸的是，79％的被调查者认为，他们公司的雇员和网络使用者低估了遵守公司安全规定的重要性。在作者看来，可靠的安全操作至关重要，不能被忽视，因为雇员和网络的使用者决定着计算机网络的（对公司的）用途。这里的意思是：网上安全最终掌握在使用者--雇员--手中。

　　［C］意为：安全缺口经常是他们的错误造成的。

　　40.［C］意为：强调。

　　这句话的意思是：这都强调了培训和教育负责安全的雇员的必要性。

　　B部分

　　短文大意：本文主要以Richie Martine为例，讲赌博的危害。赌博像酗酒和吸毒一样，是一种弊病，它毁坏的家庭和亲友关系是任何统计方法都无以计数的，成为今天美国最被低估的问题之一。Richie Martin能证明这一事实。他说话时，他的眼睛能反映一切。当赛马出现摄影定名次的结局时他的眼睛透出一种超越激动的情绪，当他在一场篮球赛中就输掉这一个月的租金时他的眼睛又透出超越失望的情绪。他激动，继而敏感。他的情绪变化就是对一个人生活从狂喜高峰坠入抑郁低谷的反映。Richie在任何事情上都打赌，从世界职业棒球联赛到总统选举。但是他主要是在体育方面赌博，而且当决赛到来时，他的钱也离他而去了。他对赌博的痴迷也深深影响了他的几种关系。他和前女友的关系是因他赌博而破裂的，他的父亲也因他赌博而感到一种负罪感。他坦率地承认自己的痛苦，但赌博又令他极度愉悦，因此他不能轻易摆脱赌博。有时候，输钱的霉运变得如此无法忍受，他发誓要重新做人。但一系列的事件说明他还是做不到。然而最近他却采取了一些比较激烈的措施以期重新做人。他最后总结说，赌博是一种没有赢利的境地，像酗酒和吸毒一样，他已厌倦了。体育比赛永远不会消失，赢钱和输钱的激动也不会消失，但靠一点运气和大量自控力他可能会战胜这一弊病。

　　41.［B］

　　本段前文所讲的都是Richie Martine在赌博中情绪的变化。文中讲，当他说话时，他的眼睛能反映一切。当赛马出现摄影定名次的结局时他的眼睛透出一种超越激动的情绪，当他在一场篮球赛中输掉一个月的租金时他的眼睛又透出超越失望的情绪。他激动，继而敏感。从excitement到disappointment, 从excited到 subtle。因此［B］中的his mood changes正好与此相衔接，保持本段一致性。［B］意为：他的情绪变化就是对一个人生活从狂喜高峰坠入抑郁低谷的反映。这是对本段的概述。

　　42.［E］

　　本题主要考虑上下文的衔接及段落内容的一致性。本段第一句讲Richie在任何事情上都打赌，从世界职业棒球联赛到总统选举。这是本段的主题句。他姐姐生孩子前他甚至打赌是个男孩。［E］开头的转折词But衔接上文引出下文：但是他主要是在体育方面赌博，而且当决赛到来时，他的钱也离他而去了。这也与下一段所讲的内容相连接，即：他曾承认，“在过去五年里，我已经输了至少2万5千美元，即使如此我也没有破产，我觉得我总是在追逐失去的东西。”

　　43.［F］

　　此题考的是本段的主题句，要从下文看。根据下文，他说，他过去常常带着前女友去赛马场和大西洋城，但当他输钱后，回家的路上就会一直对她大声吼叫，致使她再也无法忍受。他的赌博习惯是从小时候与父亲赌电视上的保龄球比赛开始的，他们赌球道上的每一个球，而且只是为了好玩。但尽管当时看起来没有任何害处，但却导致去进行较严重且令人痛苦的赌博。他觉得这一点使父亲有一种强烈的负罪感。他说，“我从来没有因我的问题而责怪他，他也知道，但我觉得直到我放弃他才会感到满意。”综合整段可知，本段主要讲他的赌博影响了他与女朋友的关系，而且使父亲有负罪感，父子关系也受到影响。因此可知［F］：他对赌博的痴迷也深深影响了他的几种关系，在此处是最恰当的。

　　44.［A］

　　此题考的也是本段的主题句，需要通过阅读下文的内容。下文是：Richie讲，当自己赌博赢钱时，就像是自己触摸的一切东西都变成了金子；但当他输钱时，他就想在地上挖个洞钻进去。正是这些感觉，这些感情的极端，使他感到生活有意义，使他不断地与赌注登记人保持联系。由此可知，这段主要讲虽然赌博给他带来极大痛苦，也给他带来极度喜悦，吸引他不断赌下去，无法真正放弃。因此［A］：他坦率地承认自己的痛苦，他感到这是朝他重新做人迈出的重要一步，但赌博这个令人愉悦的世界却又是不能轻易就能摆脱的，是最佳选项。

　　45.［D］

　　此题空的是整个一段，需要承上启下，段落间要很好的衔接，意思还要连贯。上文讲了他感受到痛苦，但又不能轻易摆脱赌博。因此，［D］开头说，有时候，输钱的霉运变得如此无法忍受，他发誓要重新做人。这与上文是种递进的关系，是衔接的。下面几句意为：每个周一的早晨，在他周末输光周五所发薪水的一半之后，他发誓要改变他这种毁灭性的方式--至今还没有成功。他说：“我每次准备放弃的时候，我又赢得一大笔钱。然后我又回到开始的地方。”由此可见，本段仍在讲他徒劳的努力。下一段开头转折词however引出：然而，最近他却已采取了一些比较激烈的措施以期重新做人。这是与［D］的内容是相衔接的。

　　*

　　［C］和［G］是多余的。［C］意为：在他心中，赌博是一种艺术，需要技巧和策略，最重要的是，需要一点“幸运女神”的垂青。［G］意为：对他来说，赌博是一项乐趣十足的活动。他去赛马场，观看马匹、骑师和丝绸的华丽，更多的是欣赏景象，因为他在结果上只赌2美元或5美元。他喜欢在拉斯维加斯或大西洋城度过一天，但他每一两年去一次，赌博限制在每天50或100美元。输了钱后，他就四处走走欣赏景色。

　　C部分

　　短文大意：本文介绍了科学家艾姆兹在癌症研究方面的贡献和新观点。在大肆宣传最新癌症恐慌的时代里，艾姆兹带来了不同的信息：大多数人造致癌物的数量比天然致癌物的数量都低，其危险微乎其微。而艾姆兹凭借细菌对引起突变的物质很敏感这一知识研究出的利用细菌检测致癌性的试验则被公认为一项重要的科学成果，现在已经在世界上被广泛应用。

　　46.这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是： …, Ames has a different message: …。在状语In an era when headlines shout about the latest cancer scare中，when引导的是定语从句, 而the levels of most man-made carcinogens are generally so low that any danger is trivial compared with the levels of natural carcinogens部分是a different message的同位语，并且在此同位语中还包含了一个结果状语从句：the levels of most man-made carcinogens are generally so low that …。句中headlines shout about 是拟人的写法，可以译为：“新闻媒体的大字标题肆意宣扬”，carcinogens的意思是“致癌物质”。本句应译成：在一个新闻媒体的大字标题肆意宣扬最新的癌症恐慌的时代里，艾姆兹带来了不同的信息：大多数人造致癌物质的数量一般来说比天然致癌物的数量都要低，而且与天然致癌物的数量相比其危险微乎其微。

　　47.这是一个简单句，句架是：His resume is packed with honors, …。Including后面的one of the most prestigious awards是the Charles S. Mott Prize的同位语。本句应译成：他的简历中充满了各种荣誉，包括他获得过通用汽车公司癌症研究基金会颁发的查尔斯•莫特奖，以及他是国家科学院的院士等。莫特奖是癌症研究中最有声望的奖励之一。

　　48.这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：…, the data show that …, and that …。谓语动词show后面跟着两个都是由that引导的宾语从句。在第一个宾语从句中，句架是daily consumption of …, is 100 times more dangerous than our daily intake of …，其中which引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰其前面的peanut-butter sandwich。句中aflatoxin 的意思是“黄曲霉毒素”。本句可译成：基于将近1 000种化学物质做的动物试验，从中得到的数据表明，人们每日所消费掉的含有微量黄曲霉毒素（花生中天然存在的一种霉菌致癌物质）的普通花生酱三明治比我们每天从食物中摄取DDT的危险要大100倍，而一杯硅谷中最受污染的井水比一杯葡萄酒或啤酒致癌的危险要小1 000倍。

　　49.这是一个简单主从复合句，句架是：It struck him that …, and there…。It 在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是两个由that引导的主语从句。在第一个主语从句中又包含着一个what引导的宾语从句，作knew的宾语。第二个主语从句的that省略了，根据上下文，find out 后面的宾语从句也省略了，即what each chemical did to human genes。It strikes/struck sb. that …这一句式的意思是“使某人突然想起，使某人突然想到，使某人认为……”。本句应译成：他突然想到还没有人知道每种化学物质对人类基因有什么作用，而且还没有简便易行的方法来找到这些化学物质对人类基因所起的作用。

　　50.这是一个简单复合句，句架是：…, Ames developed a carcinogen test …。在状语Armed with the knowledge that bacteria are sensitive to substances that cause mutation, and that carcinogens were likely to be mutagens中，出现了一个以knowledge为先行词，以两个that引导的同位语从句，介绍knowledge的具体内容。句中mutation的意思是“（生物物种的）突变”，mutagen的意思是“诱导有机体突变的物质”。本句应译成：细菌对引起突变的物质很敏感，而致癌物质很可能就是诱导有机体突变的物质。艾姆兹凭借这些知识，研究出了一种利用细菌检测致癌的试验。

　　(三)短文写作

　　A部分

　　51.Sample for reference:

　　May 24, 2004

　　Dear Editor,

　　I have been a devoted reader of your magazine Around the World ever since a friend recommended it to me three years ago. I enjoy reading particularly articles in your “Foreign Culture” series, which are both informative and entertaining. However, there is an error that I feel should not be ignored. In the article This Is Australia of the May 14th edition， the estimated economic costs of crime in Victoria is quoted as “$4 million” when it actually should be “$4 billion”. It might be only a typographic mistake, but it could nonetheless be misleading, especially to the serious readers who have a particular interest in the subject.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　注释：

　　1. typographic mistake 印刷错误（也可简写为a typo，或写成 printing error，spelling mistake等）

　　2. be quoted as 被引述为（引用数据也可用be cited as，to cite someone, to cite the latest statistics 等）

　　3. be misleading 误导（读者）；使误解（也可用 to mislead the readers; to cause the readers to think mistakenly; to lead the readers to believe; to give the impression that…等表达法）

　　B部分

　　52. Sample for reference:

　　According to official estimates, there are 840 000 people carrying HIV and 80 000 AIDS patients in China. Even worse, the epidemic is spread widely in many places of the nation. The serious situation has aroused great concern of the whole society. As is depicted in the set of drawings, people from all walks of life are united to fight against Aids. For instance, college students and volunteers are involved in the education of the public about Aids and offer help to those Aids carriers. Entrepreneurs establish special fund for the scientific study of Aids.

　　The serious situation is attributed to a combination of factors such as drug abuse, prostitution, and use of blood products. And the impact of this fatal epidemic has reached individual, social and economic fields of the nation. Therefore, united effort and effective prevention measures are required to put an end to the problem.

　　First of all, the whole society should offer help to those HIV carriers and AIDS patients instead of looking down upon them. Key measures should also be taken by the government to prevent and control the spread of the disease. These measures include education among the people, the establishment of the public health system, national health care framework and monitoring system and the public health system, free medicine to poor AIDS patients. But we should bear in mind that none of these things can be achieved with the single hand of any one institution. The fight against HIV/AIDS requires the participation of as many parties as possible.

　　注释：

　　1. HIV艾滋病毒

　　2. AIDS patients艾滋病患者

　　3. entrepreneur企业家

　　4. drug abuse吸毒

　　5. prostitution卖淫

　　6. HIV carrier艾滋病毒携带者

　　7. monitoring system监控系统

 

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