【民商法学和经济法学的区别】民商法学与经济法学专业词汇

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民商法学与经济法学专业词汇
civil laws, commercial laws and economic laws

按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment
办理注销登记：cancel the registration
被代理人：the principal
被侵权人 the infringed
本人名义：in one’s name

标的subject matter
补偿制度compensation system
不动产登记制　lot and block system
财产法 property law
财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession

财产抵押权 property mortgage
财产继承权：the right of inheritance
财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships
财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property
财产混同 confusion; hotchpot

财产留置权 encumbrance
采用书面形式：in writing
仓单 warehouse voucher
草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract
长期合同 long-term contract

偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement
超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency
撤消合同cancellation of contract 
撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract
撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation

撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer
撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will
承运人 actual fault of the carrier
承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien
诚信原则 principle of good faith

诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle
船舶承租人 charterer
船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage
船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship
船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship

船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage
船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship
村民委员会：the village committee
惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages
乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position

处分财产 dispose of properties
处分权 act of disposition
处分原则 principle of disposition
代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by
代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency

单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility
单方法律行为unilateral obligation
单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act
等价有偿：making compensation for equal value
对等原则　principle of reciprocity

对价consideration
对抗措施counter measure
对人权right in personam; personal right
对世权 real right; right in rem
恶意串通：conspire maliciously

恶意行为ill will mala fides
法人 judicial person; legal body
法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person
法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person
法人权限 corporate power

法人人格 corporate personality
法人身份 status of a legal person
法人团体 corporation
法人资格 corporate capacity
法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person

负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally
负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge
负有解释的义务 accountable
负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors
附带的条件 incident

附带要求 contingent claim
附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause
附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts
附条件的权利 conditional right
赋予权力 entitle

个体工商户：individual businesses
个人合伙：individual partnership
各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party
工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce

公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens
合同contract
合同法　contract law
合同副本 copies of the contract
合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations

合同履行地法 lex loci contractus
合同期限contract period (or contract term)
合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)
合同有效期contract life
合同正本 originals of the contract

合伙人：partners
合议制 collegial system
核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered
恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum
集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership

技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract
监护人：guardian
经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority
居民委员会：the neighborhood committee
履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship

埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object
买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred
农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households
平等主体：civil subjects with equal status
企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person

企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person
企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person
契约自由 liberty of contract
取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis
取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person

全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people
让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede
让与的利益 benefit of cession
让与权 benefit of cessioni
设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty

设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship
所有权 ownership
书面合同 a written contract
双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double
双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction

擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily
他物权 right over the property of another
提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge
违反合同breach of contract
委托代理：entrusted agency

委托代理人：an entrusted agent
无过错责任 liability without negligence
无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct
无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so
下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown

限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct
享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors
行使代理权：exercise the power of agency
宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct
遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam

以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge
以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes
以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion
意思表示 show one’s intention
意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine

优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption
优先权 priority, preemptive right
有过错的一方：the erring party
有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally
有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto

造成财产损失：cause any property loss
责任能力 capacity for responsibility
责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion
债的标的 object of obligation
债的发生 creation of obligation

债的消灭 extinction of obligation
占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property
指定代理：appointed agency
执行合同 carry out a contract,   execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract
主要办事机构：the main administrative office

追偿：claim compensation from
住所：domicile

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