[全国职称英语等级考试报名时间]全国职称英语等级考试全真题（人文类）

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第一部分 阅读理解 (75分) 

Passage 1 
The 16th century, known as the "Age of Genius", was a complicated (复杂 ) and difficult time to live. Many countries fought for the power and riches of the newly discovered Americas. Men introduced new ideas which demanded great changes in older ideas. Despite these problems and possibly because of them, wonderful things were done by the greatest of men. 
It is indeed difficult to know why in some periods you find many men of genius while in others you may find few. The "Age of Genius", however, produced some of the greatest thinkers, painters, authors, and scientists. 
In Italy during the High Renaissance (文艺复兴), a period of the "Age of Genius", three famous painters started their work. They were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.  
Leonardo da Vinci is famous not only for his beautiful paintings but also for his talent in the sciences. One of his best - known painting is the "Mona Lisa." Michelangelo was also a man of many talents. He was an artist; he wrote poems; he drew plans for buildings; and he worked with other forms of art. His best- known work is the painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome (罗马西斯教堂). 
Raphael was known for his painting. He made well-balanced pictures out of many different actions. 

1. Another name for the 16th century is the ________. 
 A. Classical Age 
 B. Middle Ages 
 C. "Age of Genius" 
 D. Age of Renaissance 

2. To know why in some periods you find many intelligent men and few in other is __________. 
 A. an easy thing to do 
 B. a very difficult thing to do 
 C. not important 
 D. unnecessary 

3. Which of the following statements is implied in the first paragraph of the passage? 
 A. Geniuses are born talented. 
 B. Geniuses are often produced in the same age. 
 C. Fighting for the riches of the newly - discovered Americas produced geniuses. 
 D. A period during which new ideas were replacing older ideas might produce geniuses. 

4. _________ is famous for his paintings and for his talent in science. 
 A. Raphael 
 B. Leonardo da Vinci 
 C. Michelangelo 
 D. Mona Lisa 

5. Michelangelo is known for __________. 
 A. his Mona Lisa 
 B. his paintings in Sistine Chapel 
 C. his well-balanced pictures 
 D. his contributions to science 

Passage 2 
Football is, I believe, the most popular game in England: one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other. 
To a stranger one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams, he has pictures of them and knows the results of large number of matches. He will tell you who he expects will win such and such a match, and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three of four times his age. 
Most schools in England take football seriously - much more seriously than nearly all European schools, where lessons are all that are important, and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy"s mind with facts in the classroom, education also means the training of character; and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games, instead of working for himself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its pupils. Football is a good team game, it is good both for the body and the mind. That is why it is every school"s game in England. 

6. At football matches, people often _______ one team or the other by shouting. 
 A. watch 
 B. win over 
 C. laugh at 
 D. support 

7. In England school boys seem _________ football games. 
 A. to know a great deal about 
 B. not to know much about 
 C. to know a little about 
 D. to know nothing about 

8. In the sentence "Hs is as good as that of men three of times his age", "that" means __________. 
 A. the match 
 B. the opinion 
 C. the age 
 D. the team 

9. In England, education means __________. 
 A. filling a boy"s mind with stories 
 B. more than teaching of knowledge 
 C. the teaching of knowledge only 
 D. training character by means of football game 

10. Football games are very among _________. 
 A. all people 
 B. adults 
 C. boys and girls 
 D. boys only 

Passage 3 
How mean first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery (奥秘). All we really know is that men unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words. 
The power of words, then, lies in their association (关联)-the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. 
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文学 ) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar (粗俗 ). 

11. The origin of language is ________. 
 A. a legend handed down from the past 
 B. a matter that is hidden or secret 
 C. a question difficult to answer 
 D. a problem not yet solved 

12. One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that ____________. 
 A. they could agree upon certain sings 
 B. they could write them down 
 C. they could communicate with each other 
 D. they could combine them 

13. What is true about words? 
 A. They can not be written down. 
 B. They can be written down. 
 C. They are simply sounds. 
 D. They are mysterious. 

14. The real power of words exists in their ___________. 
 A. properties 
 B. characteristics 
 C. peculiarity 
 D. representative functions 

15. Which of the following statements is true? 
 A. The more we read and learn, the more ignorant we are. 
 B. The more we read and learn, the more confused we will be. 
 C. The more we read and learn, the more learned we are. 
 D. The more we read and learn, the more snobbish we become. 

第二部分 完成句子 (25分) 
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。 
Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room. 
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn"t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table? 
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both American and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness (准时)is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o"clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay. 
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable - especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable. 

16. Social customs vary not only in different times but also different c . 

17. Generally, the English and the Americans speak the same language and for many cases b in the same way. 

18. In America, if one has accepted a dinner invitation, he should t the host to explain the reason if he is to be late. 

19. The best host is the person who tries his best to make his guests feel c . 

20. In the past, people considered it b manners to smoke on the street. 

第三部分 阅读理解 (80分) 

Passage 1 
Some years ago, Winthrop and Luella Kellogg decided to study this and other questions, rearing a chimpanzee (黑猩猩) in a normal human environment, Gua, a seven-and one-half-month-old female chimpanzee, was adopted into their household to be treated in the same fashion as their ten-month-old son Donald. The two babies were dressed alike, fed in the same way, and allowed equal play opportunities. In going to the park, going to bed, or being toilet trained, both had essentially similar experiences, and the parents tried to give them equal love. 
Shortly after the experiment began, Gua became slightly superior to Donald in word recognition, but Donald"s inferiority (劣势) might be explained on the basis of less physical ability. The chimpanzee was more agile (灵活 ) and therefore could respond more readily to such requests as "Get up on the chair." As time passed, however, the child gained rapidly on the chimpanzee, and by the end of the period of investigation he was significantly ahead in word recognition. 
In word usage, Gua remained nonverbal (不以言语表达 ) throughout the experiment. Her communications included some gestures, such as wriggling (努力) her lips when she wanted apples but no words. She only gave sudden barks or cries in moments of excitement, fear, or pain. Donald, on the other hand, passed through the normal stages in learning a spoken language and, by the end of the research, uttered his first words. He said "da" meaning "down" and "bowwow for the dog, and he used a few other words." But as his parents emphasized, he had not shown language mastery (掌握) either. At the end of the study, he still had not used words in combination. Unfortunately, this research had to be discontinued after nine months partly because of the increasing strength and enormous agility (灵活，敏捷) of Gua around the house. 

21. The main idea of this passage is ___________. 
 A. to show how chimpanzees talk 
 B. to describe the experiment on language learning 
 C. to show the problems children have in communicating among themselves 
 D. to show whether chimpanzees can learn language in a human environment 

22. Throughout the training in word recognition ____________. 
 A. Gua was superior to Donald in everything 
 B. Gua was superior at first, but then Donald pulled ahead 
 C. Donald was superior at all times 
 D. Donald and Gua developed at just about the same rate 

23. In regard to word usage, Gua ____________. 
 A. finally uttered the word "da" 
 B. could not communicate anything at all 
 C. could not learn to express in words 
 D. showed mastery equal to Donald"s 

24. From the experiment with Gua, we may safely conclude that, after nine months a chimpanzee will ___________. 
 A. communicate reasonably well 
 B. be enormously active and healthy 
 C. not show command over language 
 D. be more advanced than other animals 

25. We may infer from the passage that ___________. 
 A. Gua had to be pulled along by Donald 
 B. Gua and Donald found nothing unusual in being together 
 C. Gua and Donald disliked staying together 
 D. Gua and Donald"s physical abilities were different 

Passage 2 
Criticism is judgment. A critic is a judge. A judge must study and think about the material presented to him, accept it, correct it or reject it after, thinking over what he has read, watched or heard. 
That sort of critical reading might well be called creative reading because I am thinking along with the writer, asking him questions, seeing whether he answers the questions and how well he answers them. I mark the good passages to store them in my memory and ask myself about every other part and about the complete piece of writing where, how and why could or should I improve upon it? 
Don"t believe those who say that bad reading cannot hurt a person. How do they know what will hurt others? Wouldn"t you rather believe the experience of the ages that says, "A man is what he has read" and "Our reading and studies carry over into our lives"? 
Let"s get back to the beneficial effects of thinking while reading. It helps us to enlarge our minds. We understand more about the universe, its people and many of its wonders. We learn to think and observe in new ways. We certainly do get a feeling for the language we are reading. All good writers in any language have been readers who read critically and creatively and continuously. 
Reading, critically also helps me to develop and refine my emotions to the point where I can tell whether a report, a story or a poem is genuinely humane (高尚 ) or not - whether the writer is an honest writer. 
Finally, reading will and must broaden (扩宽) my sympathies, expand my love for others and set it in action. How can a person who has a bit of kindness in his heart read about all the miseries and tragedies that people and notions have and not want to do and actually do what he can to relieve those people in every way he can and as much as he can? 

26. The writer say a critic __________. 
 A. asks what he does not understand 
 B. talks back to the author 
 C. understands the background on which the works are based 
 D. looks for the good and the bad points of the material he has read 

27. By creative reading the writer means __________. 
 A. raising questions and answering them for the author 
 B. reading and giving comments on the materials one has read 
 C. thinking in the same line with the author 
 D. storing up facts in one"s memory 

28. According to the writer, critical reading _____________. 
 A. makes a person intelligent 
 B. makes a person rich 
 C. enables a person to write fluently 
 D. gives a person extra work 

29. We learn from the passage that all good authors _____________. 
 A. have a thorough insight to the problems in life 
 B. observe and imitate the ways other authors write 
 C. have the feeling of the language they write in 
 D. have read extensively and critically 

30. According to the last paragraph, reading makes a person ____________. 
 A. romantic 
 B. sensitive to the feelings of others 
 C. Sympathetic to the miseries of his fellow-men 
 D. a good written 

第四部分 概括大意 (20分) 
给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。 
31. Div in Education 
There is considerable variety in university classrooms in the United States. Because of diverse teaching methods and non-standardized curricula (必修课), no two courses are identical. Undergraduate courses are considerable different from graduate courses. The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities may differ from that in community colleges which are free and open to everyone. State-funded universities have requirements and expectations than do parochial (教区 ) colleges. 

32. Ac Participation 
Participation (参与) in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student"s oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. 

33. Ind Learning 
Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or give an examination. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. 

34. H in School Work 
Ideally, the teacher - student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The "honor system", imposed by the teacher and the university demands that the student be honest in all areas of school work. Thus, cheating on tests, plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other"s ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited. 

35. Com Among Students 
Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive (竞争 ). International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. There are courses, however, where grades are calculated in relation to other student"s scores. Therefore, in classes where such a grading "curve" is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer. 

第五部分 阅读理解 (120分) 
Passage 1 
It is becoming increasingly recognized that education is a process which continues throughout adult life. The scope of adult and continuing education has widened in recent years and now included, in addition to the development of the individual through cultural, physical and craft pursuits, such subjects as basic education: education for disadvantaged groups and those with special needs such as ethnic minorities or the disabled; consumer education; health education; and preretirement (退休前) education. Continuing education includes training for those in employment, to enable them to keep pace with technological change. The British government has taken a number of recent initiatives to improve opportunities for both adult and continuing education. In 1982 it launched a Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating Programmer, designed to help colleges and universities to meet the need to up-date and broaden the skills of those in mid-career in industry, commerce and the professions. A three-year programmer to encourage the expansion of educational opportunities for the adult unemployed was launched in 1984. 
Apart from provision for mature students at universities, courses are provided by further education colleges, adult education centers, residential colleges, the Open Universities and various other bodies including a number of voluntary organizations. Most of the provision is made by the local education authorities in a wide variety of establishments, including schools used for adult evening classes and community schools which provide educational, social and cultural opportunities for the wider community. Most courses are part-time. Local authorities also maintain or aid many courses lasting between a weekend and a fortnight. Long-term residential colleges, grant-aided (受补助 ) by central government departments, provide courses of one or two years and aim to provided a liberal education without academic entry tests. Most students admitted are entitled to full maintenance grants. 

36. One of the tasks of continuing education is _________. 
 A. to help employees get promoted and pay increased 
 B. to widen employees" knowledge of their country"s history 
 C. to make employees" spare time activities rich and varied 
 D. to keep employees well informed of recent technological developments 

37. The word "initiatives" in the 1st paragraph, most probably means _______. 
 A. plans 
 B. offers 
 C. measures 
 D. proposals 

38. The two programmes launched by the British government are designed for ____. 
 A. students and teachers in colleges and universities 
 B. the employed and unemployed respectively 
 C. the government employees in Britain 
 D. the disadvantaged and the disable 

39. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 
 A. Higher education might be replaced by other types of education. 
 B. Many British young people can receive higher education without entrance examinations. 
 C. Only those who pass academic entry tests can get financial aid from the central government. 
 D. The aid for improving adult and continuing education is provided by local and state governments. 

40. It can be concluded from the passage that ___________. 
 A. high schools should produce more skilled students 
 B. adult education will probably become the main type of education in Britain and other developed countries 
 C. the government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing world 
 D. higher education should meet the demands of the development of science and technology 

Passage 2 
Impressionism (印象主义)in painting developed in the late nineteenth century in French. It began with a loosely structured group of painters who together mainly to exhibit their paintings. Their art was characterized by the attempt to depict (描绘) light and movement by using pure broke color. The movement began with four friends who met in a cafe: Monet, Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille. They were reacting against the academic standards of their time and the romantic emphasis on emotion as a subject matter. They rejected the role of imagination in art. Instead, they observed nature closely, painting with a scientific interest in visual phenomena. Their subject matter was as diverse as their personalities. Monet and Sisley painted landscapes with changing effects of light, and Renoir painted idealized women and children. The works of impressionists were received with hostility until the 1920s. By the 1930s impressionism had a cult following, and by the 1950s even the least important works by people associated with the movement commanded enormous prices. 
Though Paul Gauguin, himself, recognized both the "sensitive" and the "savage" as two opposing sides of his character, in his career as an artist the thought of himself as "the savage." He tended to disregard convention and abandon social responsibilities. He felt that only by renouncing (放弃) the ordinary could he be the artist he wanted to be. He justified his quarreling with friends, his leaving his wife and children, and his promiscuity (混乱), because he believed it to be the only way his art could be liberated. In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century; the art of the primitive, of symbol, and of imagination. He wanted to escape from merely observing naturalism to using abstract color and form as conveyors of feeling. He wanted to free painting from all restrictions. He began to carry his art deep into the realm of myth and dream with the idea that mystery and enigma (神秘) were essential to art. 

41. Impressionism began with a small group of artists who wanted to ______. 
 A. use light colors 
 B. fight the government 
 C. become scientists 
 D. show their paintings 

42. What subject matter did Monet and Sisley usually paint? 
 A. Country scenes. 
 B. Portraits. 
 C. Effects of light. 
 D. Animals in nature. 

43. Which of the following typifies the early impressionists? 
 A. They had a romantic emphasis. 
 B. They tried to see nature unemotionally. 
 C. They worked toward a unified goal. 
 D. They idealized life. 
44. Most people did not like impressionistic painting _______. 
 A. before 1920 
 B. between 1920 and 1930 
 C. between 1930 and 1950 
 D. after 1950 
45. From the passage we can infer the Gauguin wanted to __________. 
 A. paint in a new way 
 B. restrict forms of art 
 C. make new friends 
 D. liberate society 
 

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