[托福考试阅读时间]托福考试阅读词汇附中英文注释(一)

　　adjust-- To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit修改

　　adjoining-- Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring

　　adaptation-- Something, such as a device or mechanism, that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modification

　　acute--- Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的=intense

　　Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharp

　　accustomed-- Being in the habit of习惯的=used to

　　accumulate-- To gather or pile up; amass收集，堆集；积累=collect

　　accompany--- To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel with

　　accompaniment--- Something, such as a situation, that accompanies something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况；伴随物

　　accommodate-- To provide for; supply with提供住处；供应=lodge To provide with temporary quarters, especially for sleeping提供住处

　　acclaimed--- To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly; applauded喝彩地,赞赏地=praised

　　accelerate-- To cause to develop or progress more quickly使加快=increased

　　abundance--- Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion The state of being profuse; abundance丰富

　　absurd-- Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的，荒唐的=preposterous Contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd荒谬的

　　abandon--- To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃=give up

　　awareness---shavingsknowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的=realization

　　available--- Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible可用的现实可用的；手边的；可获得的=accessible

　　attribute--- A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something品质、属性=characteristic, trait

　　attire-- Clothing or array; apparel服装、盛装；服饰=clothing

　　attach-- To fasten, secure, or join系，贴或连接=fasten, stick to

　　assortment-- A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样=variety

　　astonishing -- Filling with sudden wonder or amazement惊奇的,奇怪的=startling

　　astounding-To be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解=surprising

　　assemble--- To bring or call togethersintosasgroupsor whole召集集合=gathering

　　ascend-- To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb of

　　ascribe to----assume to be true

　　arduous--- Demanding great effort or labor; difficult困难的=difficult,

　　Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous艰苦的=strenuous Requiring great effort, energy, or exertion艰巨的

　　arid--- Lacking moisture, especiallyshavingsinsufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry

　　aptly--- Exactly suitable; appropriately合适的=appropriately

　　approach--- To come near or nearer, as in space or time接近靠近=near

　　appeal-- The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力=attraction

　　apart from-- With the exception of; besides除…外；除…外还=except for

　　anonymous---shavingsan unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknown

　　annually--- Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly每年的=yearly

　　annihilate-- To defeat decisively; vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms征服

　　alloy--- To combine; mix融合；混合=blend, mix

　　altitude--- The height of a thing above a reference level, especially above sea level or above the earth"s surface高度=elevation

　　affluent--- Generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthy

　　afflict--- To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on折磨=problem

　　affect-- To have or show a liking for喜欢=fondness

　　aesthetically--- Artistically有艺术的，在艺术上的=artistically

　　adverse--- Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic敌对的=oppose, ill

　　adversely--- harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive反面的

　　advocate--- One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender支持者或保护者=proponent To speak, plead, or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge, preach

　　adorn--- To lend beauty to; decorate使美观为…增添美；装饰=decorate

　　adopt--- To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on

　　brilliance-- The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiant

　　boundary--- Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing line

　　breach-- A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation, or a promise破坏，违犯=violation

　　boost--- To increase; raise增加；拔高;To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below推、举=raise

　　blend--- To combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character, quality, or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine, mix

　　bizarre--- Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古怪的=odd

　　bias--- A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment偏见=prejudice

　　beam--- A ray or shaft of light光柱，光束=ray

　　be characterized by---distinguish

　　barren-- Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation不毛的=infertile

　　balmy--- Mild and pleasant温和的=mild

　　comprise--- To consist of; be composed of由…构成=consist of ,make up

　　conception-- Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design, idea, or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation; an idea or conception心理形象或象征；想法或构思

　　composed of --To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制作=create

　　component--- A constituent element, as of a system组成要素=element, part

　　comparable-- Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similar

　　compile--- To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put together

　　community--- Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会；大众。Asgroupsof plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions共生动物群的一群植物和动物=settlement, society

　　commodity--- Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage商品=goods

　　coincide--- To happen at the same time or during the same period同时发生=occur at the same time

　　cohesion--- The act, process, or condition of cohering结合=unity The combination or arrangement of partssintosa whole; unification统一

　　cluster--- To gather or growsintosbunches丛生=concentrate

　　classify--- To arrange or organize according to class or category分类=categorize

　　cling to --- v.依附,依靠,坚持=stick to

　　cite --- To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof引证把…作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出=mention

　　check ---monitor To check the quality or content of (an electronic audio or visual signal) by means of a receiver监听，收听；To check by means of an electronic receiver for significant content, such as military, political, or illegal activity窃听

　　celestial--- Of or relating to the sky or the heavens天空的=astronomical

　　cease--- To put an end to; discontinue使…停止；中止=stop

　　capability-- The quality of being capable; ability能力=ability

　　cumbersome --- Troublesome or onerous麻烦的=burdensome

　　crisscross--- To move back and forth through or over交叉移动move back and forth

　　crawl--- To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground; creep爬行=creep

　　counterpart-- A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An adaptation of a work of art or literaturesintosanother medium or style版本

　　counteract--- To oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary action; check抵制，抵消=negate

　　core --- The basic or most important part; the essence核心，本质=center

　　conventional--- Conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional传统的=traditional

　　contribute to --- v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠

　　consumption---The act or process of consuming消耗=eating

　　constrain--To keep within close bounds; confine限制=bound To set a limit to; confine限制

　　constitute---To found (an institution, for example)创建=make up

　　constituent---Serving as part of a whole; component组成的=component

　　constantly---Continually occurring; persistently持续的=continuously

　　conspicuous---Attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable值得注意的=noticeable

　　consort with ---v.陪伴=associate To keep company陪伴

　　conserve---To protect from loss or harm; preserve保存,保护=retain vt.留住；保住

　　consequence---Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition结果=result

　　conjecture---A statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on guesswork猜想=based on guessing

　　congestion---To be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded, crowded

　　conflicting---To be opposing; different对立的，不同的=opposing, contrary

　　confront---To come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility面对与…面对面的=face To confront with complete awareness面对

　　confine to ---To keep within bounds; restrict限制=limit, cramp Restrict; narrow受限制

　　confederacy---A union of persons, parties, or states; a league联盟=ally One that is allied with another, especially by treaty同盟者

　　conceal---To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide隐藏=hide

　　dramatically---Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的=striking

　　durable---Lasting; stable持久的；稳定的=lasting

　　domains---[计]域=fields

　　domestic---Tame or domesticated. Used of animals驯养的=tame

　　dominate---To enjoy a commanding, controlling position in占支配地位=be prevalent in

　　divergence---Difference, as of opinion意见分歧difference

　　diverse---Made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements多种多样的=various

　　dogma---An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief

　　distinction---The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference差别=difference

　　distinct---Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete有区别的，不同的=different, separate, definite

　　dispute---To argue about; debate就…进行争论=argument, disagreement

　　disseminate---To spread abroad; promulgate散布=spread, distribute

　　disposal---The act or process of getting rid of something除掉=get rid of

　　discrete---Constituting a separate thing; distinct分离的=separate Existing as an independent entity单独的

　　discard---To throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃=get rid of

　　diffuse---To become widely dispersed; spread out散布=travel To be transmitted, as light or sound; move or pass传送

　　differentiate---To constitute the distinction between区分=distinguish To perceive as being different or distinct区分

　　dictate---To prescribe with authority; impose命令；To issue orders or commands命令=determine To reach a decision; resolve解决，决定,=prescribe To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin指定，规定

　　devastate---To lay waste; destroy变成废墟，荒芜；破坏=ruin

　　device---A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks机器=instrument A device for recording, measuring, or controlling, especially such a device functioning as part of a control system仪表

　　devoid of ---free of无...的,免于...的;摆脱了...的

　　destruction---The act of destroying毁灭=demolition The act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially destruction by explosives.摧毁破坏

　　detect---To discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of查明；发现=discover, sense To become aware of; perceive感觉意识到

　　detectable---Can be discovered or ascertained the existence, presence, or fact可查明；可发现apparent, measurable，sizable

　　derive---To obtain or receive from a source得到=obtain,

　　To issue from a source; originate起源于=stem from

　　depression---An area that is sunk below its surroundings; a hollow下陷处=low

　　depressed--Low in spirits; dejected情绪低落的；沮丧的=saddened

　　deposit---To put or set down; place放置=place, lay

　　deplete---To decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out消灭，用完或用光=exhaust, run out

　　dense---Hard to penetrate; thick浓厚的=thick, heavy

　　delicate---Marked by sensitivity of discrimination敏锐的=sensitive

　　Easily broken or damaged脆弱的=fragile

　　delicate---Considerate of the feelings of others体贴的=careful, intentionally

　　deft---Quick and skillful; adroit灵巧的=skilled

　　extract---To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt摘录=remove

　　extend----To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length延伸=increase, stretch, outspread

　　extensive----Large in extent, range, or amount广大的=wide, far from reaching

　　exponential---Containing, involving, or expressed as an exponent指数的=rapid, increase

　　exert---To bring to bear; exercise对…施加=apply To putsintosaction使用，运用,=cause

　　exhibition---The act or an instance of exhibiting展览=display

　　exorbitant---Exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness过高的，昂贵的=expensive

　　expand---To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge扩大=increase

　　excessive---Exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit过量的=extreme Extending far beyond the norm过分的

　　exclusion---The condition or fact of being excluded.排除或被排除的状态keep out of躲开；置身于…之外

　　execution---制作=create

　　exalted---Lofty; sublime; noble高的，崇高的；高贵的=superior Of great value or excellence; extraordinary价值巨大或品质优越的；突出的

　　exceed---To be greater than; surpass比…更好；超过=surpass

　　excel---To show superiority; surpass others胜过=be superior

　　exceptional---Well above average; extraordinary杰出的=extraordinary

　　exceptionally---Deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental ability特殊的=abnormally,

　　Being an exception; uncommon例外的=extremely

　　evident---Easily seen or understood; obvious显然的=apparent Readily understood; clear or obvious显然的

　　evolve---To undergo gradual change; develop发展=develop

　　erode---To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion腐蚀，侵蚀=wear away

　　equivalent---Equal, as in value, force, or meaning相等的=interchangeable That can be interchanged可以相互交换的

　　entity---Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit实体=object Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially by vision or touch; a material thing物体

　　enormous---Very great in size, extent, number, or degree巨大的=tremendous, huge

　　emit---To give or send out matter or energy发射=give off发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等)

　　employ---To put to use or service投入使用=use

　　enactment---To act (something) out, as on a stage扮演=performance, pass

　　emerge---To comesintosexistence发生使出现=appear, spring up

　　embed---To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋=encase To enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱

　　elaborate---To become elaborate变得复杂=complicate To make or become complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑

　　elaborately---Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail

　　fuse---To mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend.熔合=combine

　　furnish---To supply; give供应；提供=provide

　　fragment---A small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece A portion or part that has been separated from a whole

　　forbid---To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit严禁=ban

　　forage---To wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed To give food to; supply with nourishment给予食物

　　float---To move from place to place, especially at random漂移=drift along

　　fertile---Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich Abounding, especially in natural resources肥沃的；丰富的

　　faction---Asgroupsof persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a larger group小集团=side One of two or more opposing individuals, groups, teams, or sets of opinions派

　　graze---To feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed

　　gorgeous---Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的；美丽的；眩目艳丽的=magnificent, beautiful

　　global---Of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide全球的=worldwide

　　give way to ---让路,让步=be replaced by ,=turnsintos

　　genetic---Affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的=heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring遣传

　　gap---An opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach豁口=opening A breach or an aperture缺口