【语病题解题技巧口诀】托福语法解题技巧口诀
【shitiku.jxxyjl.com--托福】
口诀:一语法,二逻辑(语义),三用法,四硬币这一口诀概括的是托福语法题整体解题思路和策略,其含义是:
一语法:做托福语法题,首先从"语法"层次开始.在这一层次,正确答案与干扰项之间的区分在语法(或句子成分)的差别上.无须弄懂句子的意思即可做对.
如: (1) ---were derived from Lation.
A. All Romance languages
B. While Romance languages
C. There are Romance languages
D. With Romance languages
上句中缺少的明显是主语,必须由一个名词性结构来充当.4个选项中,只有"A"项是名词性结构.答案只能是A.
(2) The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900‘s (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).
上句中介词by之后必须由名词性结构来充当宾语.后面的change虽然既可作动词,也可作名词,但由于其后面还有一个名词性结构,按照"两个名词不见面"的口诀------我们后面将具体讨论-------这里只能为动词,所以C项错,答案为changing.
上面两道题均可以在不考虑句子意思的前提下即找到正确答案.这类题在托福语法"填空"部分占85%以上,在"改错"部分亦不低于60%.掌握这一规律并记住相应的规律和口诀可以大大地提高我们作题速度和质量.
二逻辑(语义):有一些题仅靠对句子成分地分析无法找出正确答案.这时,我们就必须以语义地层次来考虑语言或意思上的逻辑关系.如:
(3)She has not yet ---------- my invitation.
A. accepted
B. will accept
C. excepted
D. accepting
从"语法"即句子成分的角度看,缺少的是谓语动词,B,D两项显然不能入选,但A,C两项似乎都可以.这时就需要通过逻辑(语义)来加以分析.如选A项,句义为"她尚未接受我的邀请:.如选C项,句义为"她尚未把我的邀请排除在外",这显然不合情理,有悖逻辑.故答案只能是A.
(4) Walt Disney (is) remembered by (an American family) everywhere for the distinctive and (irresistible) cartoon character he (introduced) to movies and television.
此句中语法关系自身似无问题,但B项的an American family(一个美国家庭)与后面的everywhere(到处,无所不在)从逻辑上相悖,为错.故答案是B.
三用法:有个别题从"语法"和"逻辑"的角度都可接受,这时就必须考虑从"用法"层次区分问题了.
如: (5)Plants receive their nutrients --------- water,soil, and sunlight.
A.swheres
B. over
C. in from
D. from
上句从语法的层次分析, A,C两项均不可取.但B,D两项无论从语法还是逻辑上看都是可以被接受的.此时只能看用法了.由于receive一词用法上只能与介词from搭配,答案只能是D.
6) City officials (are) concerned (because) crime on public (transportation) (near) reached record highs this summer.
无论是从语法还是逻辑的角度看,上句均无问题.near一词通常具有形容词,副词,介词3种词性,而且还可以用作动词.用副词修饰动词绝无问题,且near具有接近,靠近的含义,与reached搭配似乎也没有什么不妥.但从语法的角度看,作副词的near只能与draw ,come等不及物动词搭配,此处为错.故答案为D.
四硬币:任何考试都有一个速度与质量相统一的问题.质量再高,速度太慢也难得高分.所以,如在正式考试种在上面3个层次分析后仍不能找出答案时,最不可"研题"或"抠题",以免延误时间,在规定的时间内作不完题.
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