国防科技大学是名校吗_大学英语四级名校（国防科技大学）密卷（13）

【shitiku.jxxyjl.com--四六级】

Part Ⅰ
Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. A) She felt it was tiring.
B) She felt it was very nice.
C) She thought it took less time.
D) She thought it was expensive.
2. A) His advisor. B) His teacher.
C) His partner. D) His boss.
3. A) Both of them have overcome their fear of heights.
B) The woman is afraid of high places, but the man is not.
C) They are both afraid of high places.
D) Both of them like to stand on high places.
4. A) Frank’s car was accidentally lost.
B) Frank was killed in a car accident.
C) Frank fell out of a car.
D) Frank survived a car accident.
5. A) At a church.
B) At a library.
C) At a bank.
D) At a theatre.
6. A) He should sit in the smoking section.
B) He should ask the stewardess for help.
C) He should move to another part of the plane.
D) He should put out his cigarette at once.
7. A) He doesn’t have enough money to buy a car.
B) He really doesn’t want to buy a car.
C) he plans to buy a car in a little while.
D) He will have enough money for a car soon.
8. A) It is customary to throw money towards the performer.
B) The man is rich and can afford to throw money towards the performer.
C) The man doesn’t want his money any more.
D) The performer hasn’t showed yet.
9. A) It’s on the second turning on the left at the lights.
B) It’s on the right side at the traffic lights.
C) It’s on the second turning on the right at the traffic light.
D) It’s on the first turning on the right at the lights.
10. A) The woman couldn’t get the reservations.
B) The woman forgot about the reservations.
C) The woman no longer wanted to go.
D) The woman wanted to see the hotel manager.
　 Section B
Directions： In this section，you will hear 3 short passages．At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions．Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．

Passage One 
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard．
11. A) They like music．
B) They want to say something．
C) They sing for enjoyment．
D) They are in a good temper．
12. A) They hide themselves．
B) They keep silent．
C) They stay away from other birds．
D) They make some signs．
13. A) It uses shells and flowers to make a garden．
B) It flies high in the sky．
C) It dances and sings．
D) It spreads out its tail．

Passage Two 
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard．
14. A) It’s amazing that anyone could move so fast．
B) Televisions mark the beginning of modern life．
C) Modern life is changing very fast．
D) It’s hard to remember the past．
15. A) Because change happened so quickly．
B) Because people were not interested in it．
C) Because people were too busy with their work．
D) Because change happened so slowly．
16. A) She felt like being interested in it．
B) She was not happy about it．
C) She felt disappointed．
D) She was really amazed．

Passage Three 
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard．
17. A) A small town in Britain.
B) A labor camp.
C) A new type of jail.
D) A big gymnasium in Scotland.
18. A) Women criminals in Scotland.
B) Criminals who are given long sentences.
C) Criminals who are given short sentences.
D) Criminals in Scotland.
19. A) The reward the prisoners get for their work.
B) The comfortable accommodation.
C) The way the prisoners are treated.
D) The officers’ sympathy for the prisoners.
20. A) To give the prisoners more freedom.
B) To help the prisoners keep their self-respect.
C) To help the prisoners develop the sense of independence.
D) To turn the prisoners into skilled workers.

Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One 
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. 
　
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge. Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easily, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 
21. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragr
aph is that____.
A) it is one of the most difficult school courses
B) students spend endless hours in reading
C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D) too much time is spent in teaching of reading
22. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____.
A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D) teachers can make their teaching activities observably
23. The word “scrutiny”（Para.3） most probably means____.
A) inquiry B) observation 
C) control D) suspicion
24. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ____.
A) children become highly motivated
B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D) reading enriches children’s experience
25. The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

 Passage Two 
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. 
　
Disease can be one of the most powerful factors in checking population growth.
In crowded conditions where many individuals of a species are living close together, the spread of pathogens(病原体)from one individual to another, occurs readily. History shows many instances where human populations, crowded together in cities, have been almost wiped out by the rapid spread of disease. Modern orchard and forestry practice recognizes this fact and the close planting of trees of the same species is avoided. Mixed forests and orchards are the recognized procedure these days.
Apart from regulating population numbers in other species, disease has probably been the greatest factor in controlling the growth of the human population.
In the mid-14th century, the Black Death wiped out 25 million people in Europe alone, while as recently as 1918 over 21 million people died in a single year as a result of the influenza epidemic. The relative stability of the human population has been upset by advances in medical science. No longer does disease regulate human population growth in many parts of the world. Medical cures have prolonged life and upset the age structure of many populations, increasing the proportion of individuals in the reproductive age group.
The decrease in distribution and numbers of some species of native birds in
New Zealand - the bellbird for example - has been attributed to disease rather than predation. Indeed, there are examples to show that disease has deliberately been used to control some animal populations. In Australia, for instance, the introduction of the myxomatosis(多发粘液瘤病)virus has drastically reduced the rabbit population in many areas, although increasing resistance to the disease is becoming apparent. Attempts to introduce myxomatosis into New Zealand as a means of rabbit population control have failed, mainly because the species of flea and mosquito that transmit the disease are absent in this country.

Research is currently being carried out to discover whether selected strains of virus can be used to control pathogenic bacteria that have developed a resistance to drugs. It is hoped that the virus will parasite (寄生于)and kill the bacteria without harming the organism that the bacteria has infected.
26. Why is the close planting of trees of the same species avoided in modern orchards and forests?
A) Because mixed forests and orchards are the recognized procedures these days.
B) Because trees of same species may cause the spread of disease.
C) Because modern orchards and forests are more specialized.
D) Because trees planted crowdedly do not have enough room to develop their roots.
27. The relative stability of the human population has been upset by____.
A) the proportion of the reproductive age group
B) the influenza epidemic
C) advances in medical science
D) the Black Death in Europe
28. The number of the bellbird in New Zealand got controlled by____.
A) the decrease in distribution
B) human predation
C) deliberate introduction of its enemy animal
D) spread of certain kind of disease
29. Attempts to introduce myxomatosis into New Zealand to control rabbit population have failed, mainly because____.
A) increasing resistance to the disease is becoming apparent
B) there are no species of insects transmitting the disease in this country
C) flea and mosquito without the disease are absent in this country
D) the myxomatosis virus has been introduced into Australia
30. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A) Advances in medical science made disease unable to regulate human populatio
n growth any longer in many parts of the world.
B) Medical cures have prolonged life but upset the reproductive age group by i
ncreasing many populations.
C) In Australia, the use of the myxomatosis virus hardly controlled the rabbit
population with increasing resistance to the disease.
D) It is discovered all strains of virus can parasitize and kill the bacteria w
ithout harming the organism that the bacteria has infected.
　
Passage Three 
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
　
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more
readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the
complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are accept
able to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent changes. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
31.The following factors tend to promote social change except ____.
 A) different kinds of people 
B) different points of view
 C) different interests 
D) different conditions
32.The expression “greater tolerance”(Line 8,Para.1) refers to “____”.
 A) more respect for different beliefs and behaviors
 B) quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
 C) greater willingness to accept social change
 D) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas
33. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE within a society?
 A) Social change is less likely to occur in technology than in values.
 B) What people learned in their early times tends to change quickly.
 C) The basic and emotional aspects of society tend to slow down social change.
 D) 〖JP3〗Strange elements are likely to quicken social change.
34. Social change is easier if it takes place ____.
 A) step by step
 B) among Black Americans
 C) between Black Americans and their white counterparts
 D) between Black Americans and other Americans minorities
35.The passage mainly discusses ____.
 A) the necessity of social change.
 B) certain factors that determine the ease with which social change occurs.
 C) the way to slow down social change.
 D) how to promote social change.
 Passage Four 
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. 
　
Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the
risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science
and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if t
he dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “The streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ”
Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. B
ruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California
, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural
pesticides, says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. ” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-
a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standard that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark,
a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in
the food supply than anything man-made. ”
Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant
improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take
in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Thoug
h most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found i
n food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be
cause of what they eat and drink.
To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices
or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will
have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
36. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food? A) They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.
 B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
 C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.
 D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.
37. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ____.
 A) no food is free from pollution in the environment
 B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture
 C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals
 D) almost all foods have additives
38. By saying “they employ chemical warfare”(Line 6, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means ____.
 A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases
 B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth
 C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants
 D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases
39. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on ____.
 A) the government B) the consumer
 C) the processor D) the grower
40. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?
 A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.
 B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.
 C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.
 D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
　

Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
41. An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some
kind of ____ .
A) crisis B) emergency
C) urgency D) emergence
42. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ____ .
A) gaps B) intervals
C) length D) distance
43. That tourist spoke English with a strong American ____.
A) accident B) accent
C) absence D) access
44. The police are trying to find out the ____ of the woman killed i
n the traffic accident.
A) situation B) position
C) identity D) status
45. His ability and experience ____ him to the respect of his colle
agues.
A) permitted B) entitled
C) distinguished D) granted

46. In order that we can improve our writing, this scheme must be ____
.
A) adapted B) adopted
C) adhered D) admitted
47. By doing part-time jobs, students can ____ social experience nece
ssary for their future life.
A) pick B) accumulat
e
C) collect D) practice
48. It was going to be some time ____ he would see his intimate friend
.
A) since B) following
C) when D) before
49. The judge criticized the lawyer because he didn’t keep his remarks
to the topic ____ discussion.
A) on B) under
C) with D) for
50. The guards were authorized to arrest ____ wandered into this milit
ary installment.
A) who B) whom
C) whose D) whoever
51. There were one thousand ____ at the state unified examination of
CET—4 in our university.
A) applicants B) participa
nts
C) attendants D) candidate
s
52. It is desirable that the course in general science ____ before th
e chemistry course.
A) must be taken B) is taken
C) be taken D) will be t
aken
53. Generally speaking, a business letter should be written in a formal
style ____ in a personal one.
A) other than B) rather th
an
C) less than D) more than
54. Such ____ the case, I can’t afford to support him.
A) being B) is
C) has been D) to be
55. Water will continue to be ____ it is today, next in importance to
oxygen.
A) how B) which
C) as D) what
56. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ____ in a shor
t period of time.
A) to be created 
B) having created
C) having been created 
D) to have been created
57. The temperature dropped ____ the farmers had to cover the seeding
with plastic sheets.
 A) to such an extent so 
B) to such an extent that
C) to such an extent so that 
D) to such an extent as
58. Seldom ____ any mistakes during my past five years of service here.
A) would I make B) should I make
C) I would make D) did I make
59. She produced much experimental data as ____ for her new theory.
A) publication 
B) evidence
C) recognition 
D) reference
60. Even when the strike was over, and the wages dispute had been ____, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely.
A) settled B) smoothed
C) relieved D) calmed
61. All foreign students have the right to vote without ____ of age,
sex, race and religion.
 A) distinction B) disposal
C) disguise D) division
62. That kind of cloth doesn’t ____ moisture, so it’s good for making raincoats.
A) shrink B) absorb
C) reserve D) acquire
63. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ____ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
 A) in that B) for that
C) except that D) but that
64. Not ____, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture
to culture.
A) obviously B) particularly
C) surprisingly D) normally
65. It was very annoying that the woman ____ my speech three times
at the meeting.
A) cut off B) cut down
C) cut into D) cut out
66. The board director ____ his son as the vice-president of the newly established corporation.
 A) determined B) elected
C) inherited D) nominated
67. Now medical authorities express their ____ about the effect of
smoking on the health.
A) consideration 
B) attention
C) belief 
D) concern
68. To our greatest disappointment, many things did not ____ quite
as satisfactory as we had expected.
A) set out B) turn out
C) come out D) break out
69. Many adult students in ____ have an immediate need for spoken-l
anguage skills.
 A) peculiar B) par
ticular
C) special D) unusual
70. As she had been entirely ____ for the accident in which she had been severely disabled she had no legal redress (赔偿).
A) responsible B) suitable
C) nervous D) indispensable

Part Ⅳ
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 
　
From childhood to old age,　we　all　use　language　as　a　means　of　broadening　our　knowledge　of　ourselves　and　the　world　about us. When　humans　first __ 71 __,　they　were　like　newborn　children,　unable　to　use　this __ 72 __ tool. Yet　once　language　developed,　the　possibilities　for　human　kind’s　future 　__ 73 __ and　cultural　growth　increased. 
Many　linguists　believe　that　evolution　is __ 74 __ for　our　ability　to　produce　and　use　language. They __ 75 __ that　our　highly　evolved　brain　provides　us __ 76 __ an　innate　language　ability　not　found　in　lower __ 77 __.　Proponents　of　this　innateness　theory　say　that　our __ 78 __ for　language　is　inborn,　but　that　language　itself　develops　gradually,__ 79 __ a　function　of　the　growth　of　the　brain　during　childhood. Therefore　there　are　critical __ 80 __ times　for　language　development.
Current __ 81 __ of　innateness　theory　are　mixed,　however,　evidence　supporting　the　existence　of　some　innate　abilities　isundeniable.__ 82 __,　more　and　more　schools　are　discovering　that　foreign　languages　are　best　taught　in __ 83 __ grades.
Young　children　often　can　learn　several　languages　by　being __ 84 __ to　them,　while　adults　have　a　much　harder　time　learning　another　language　once　the __ 85 __ of　their　first　language　have　become　firmly　fixed.
__ 86 __ some　aspects　of　language　are　undeniably　innate,　language　does　not　develop　automatically　in　a　vacuum. Children　who　have　been __ 87 __ from　other　human　beings　do　not　possess　language. This　demonstrates　that __ 88 __ with　other　human　beings　is necessary　for　proper　language　development. Some　linguists　believe　that　this　is　even　more　basic　to　human　language __ 89 __ than　any　innate　capacities. These　theorists　view　language　as　imitative,　learned　behavior.__ 90 __,　children　learn　language　from　their　parents　by　imitating　them. Parents　gradually　shape　their　child’s　language　skills　by　positively　reinforcing　precise　imitations　and　negatively　reinforcing　imprecise　ones.
71.A) generated B) evolved 
C) born D) originated
72.A) valuable　 B) appropriate　
C) convenient　 D) favorite
73.A) attainments　 B) feasibility 
C) entertainments　 D) evolution
74.A) essential　 B) available　 
C) reliable　 D) responsible 
75.A) confirm　 B) inform　 
C) claim　 D) convince
76.A) for　 B) from　 
C) of　 D) with
77.A) organizations　 B) organisms　 
C) humans　 D) children
78.A) potential　 B) performance　 
C) preference　 D) passion
79.A) as　 B) just　as　 
C) like　 D) unlike
80.A) ideological　 B) biological 
C) social　 D) psychological
81.A) reviews　 B) reference 　
　 C) reaction　 D) recommendation
82.A) In a word　 B) In a sense 　　 
C) Indeed　 D) In other words
83.A) various　 B) different　 
C) the higher　 D) the lower
84.A) revealed　 B) exposed
　 C) engaged　 D) involved
85.A) regulations　 B) formations 　　
C) rules　 formations 　　 D) constitutions
86.A) Although　 B) Whether　
C) Since　 D) When
87.A) distinguished　 B) different 　　 
C) protected D) isolated　 
88.A) exposition　 B) comparison　 
C) contrast 　 D) interaction
89.A) acquisition　 B) appreciation　 
C) requirement　 D) alternative
90.A) As a result B) After all 　 
C) In other words　 D) Above all
　

Part Ⅴ
Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad. Study the following chart carefully and base your composition on the information given in the table. 
1.State the changes in the number of Chinese traveling abroad in the past three years.

2.Give possible reasons for the changes.
 全国出境旅游人数（单位：百万）
　
答案部分
听力原文
Section A
1. M: Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train?
 W: No, we didn’t mind at all. It looked a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper.
 Q: How did the woman feel about coming back by coach?
2. W: This is the third time you’ve been late this week, Robert. You’ll have to do better than that or I might find it necessary to let you go.
M: It won’t happen again, I assure you.
Q: Who spoke to Robert?
3. W: I used to be afraid of heights. Every time I was in a tall building or on a bridge, my knees would begin to shake.
M: I had the same problem until I took up mountain climbing.
Q: What did the man say about heights?
4. M: It’s a miracle that Frank came out of the accident alive.
W: That’s true. His car is a total loss, you know.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
5. W: What was that title again?
M: God is an Englishman. It’s a very famous book. I’m sure you must have it.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
6. M: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
W: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking section. Why don’t you ask the stewardess to change your seat?
Q: What does the woman think the man should do?

7. M: Did Bill have any plans to buy a car?
W: Hardly. A car is beyond his means.
Q: What is true about Bill?
8. W: Why are you throwing out all your money?
 M: That’s not what I’m doing. You’re supposed to shower the performer with money to show that you like the act.
 Q: What can be inferred?
9. M: Excuse me. I’m a stranger here. Can you tell me how to get to Bridge Street?
 W: Yes. You go down this street and take the second turn on the right at the traffic lights.
 Q: Where is Bridge Street?
10. W: Our reservations are from Monday to Wednesday.
 M: Oh, so you did manage to get them.
 Q: What was the man thinking?
Section B
Passage One
People usually sing because they like music or because they feel happy．They
express their happiness by singing． When a bird sings，however，its song usually means much more than that a bird is in a good temper．Birds have many reasons for
singing．They sing to give information．
Their songs are their language．Love songs are sung by male birds．They sing when they want to attract a female bird．It is their way of saying that they are looking for a wife．Birds also sing to tell other birds to keep away．To a bird，h
is tree，or even a branch of tree is his home．He does not want strangers to come near his home．So he sings to warn them．If a bird can not sing well，he usually has some other means of giving important information．Some birds dance，spread out their tails，or make other signs．There is also a special kind of bird which builds a small garden of stones and flowers to attract a female bird．
 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard．
11. Birds have many reasons for singing．What is the main reason？
12. What do most birds usually do if they cannot sing well？
13. What does the special kind of bird do to attract a female？

Passage Two
There are so many things going on in our modern lives，and change happens so quickly．It is hard to imagine a time when things were slower and you could really
see a new thing come into your life and to remember the day or the year when tho
se things happened． I know that today，for example，there are many instances of
second and third generations of things，such as televisions or radios，when som
e of us were not even aware that there was a first generation．
A friend of mine was born at the end of the last century，and talking to her，
I really got a sense of her being a living history book，of being able to talk about the changes in her own life and to know that these changes were really the changes that society was going through．
She gets really excited，for example，when she talks about the first time she
ever saw a camera，and even more excited when she saw herself in the picture that
the photographer took．She lived in a small town，and at the time that she was very young，there were no cars or trains in her town at all．As she grew up，cars
and trains came in，and she remembers her first ride with a real sense of amazement that anyone could move so fast．
 Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard．
14. What is the main idea of the passage？
15. Why weren’t people even aware of the first generation of televisions or radios？
16. How did the speaker’s friend feel about the invention of cars and trains？
Passage Three
Cottonville is a new prison specially designed for women criminals in Scotland. The 226 prisoners there live in small units of 7 rooms. There is a kitchen
where they cook their own meals and a lounge for the fitted carpet and armchair
s. The “wake up, wake up” call by loudspeakers at 7:00 every morning is followed
by a music program which creates atmosphere of a holiday camp. During the day,
most of the prisoners are employed by 3 workshops, making toys or clothing. Thei
r earnings up to 90 pennies a week can be spent in the prison shop. The gymnasiu
m, which also acts as a cinema and concert hall, has facilities for table tennis
, basketball and dancing. Prisoners, particularly those of long sentences are en
couraged to be independent and take responsibility for themselves and others. Th
is is in many ways much more demanding than simply serving time. Just as the dep
uty governor of this prison once said, “ We try to preserve the prisoners’ respe
ct as much as possible by imagining ourselves in their position.” His words expl
ained why this new prison is run in a unique way.
 Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. What’s Cottonville?
18. What kind of people are sent to the prison mentioned in the story?
19. What’s most important in making the prison unique?
20. What’s the purpose of running the prison in the way?
答案与详解Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. 【答案】B
【试题分析】暗示与推理。
【详细解答】男士问女士坐大巴回来感觉如何，女士说很舒服，并且便宜。关键部分是but.
..fortable and...cheaper。由此可以推断答案为B。
2. 【答案】D
【试题分析】暗示与推理。
【详细解答】女士对男士说如果再迟到的话，就会让他离开。关键部分是late, let you go
。由此可以推断女士是男士的老板，所以答案为D。
3. 【答案】A
【试题分析】暗示与推理。
【详细解答】女士说她过去有恐高症，男士说他以前也这样。关键部分是（W）used to do,
(
M) had the same problem until...注意时态，过去时态意味着两人以前都有恐高症，但现
在好了。由此可以推断答案为A。
4. 【答案】D
【试题分析】暗示与推理。
【详细解答】男士说Frank在事故中幸存下来，真是奇迹，女士表示赞同。关键部分是（M）Frank came out of the accident alive 与(W)That’s true。由此可以推断答案为D。
 5. 【答案】B
【试题分析】地点题。
【详细解答】女士问男士书的标题是什么，男士回答说是God is an Englishman, 这是一本有名的书，女士一定有这本书。关键部分是title, book。由此可以推断这是在图书馆，所以答案为B。
6. 【答案】C
【试题分析】建议与请求。
【详细解答】男士请求女士把烟熄灭掉，但女士说这是抽烟间，她建议男士要求空中小姐给
他
换个座位。关键部分是Why don’t you...change your seat。由此可以推断答案为C。
7. 【答案】A
【试题分析】推断题。
【详细解答】男士问女士Bill是否有买车的想法，女士回答说没有，Bill买不起小汽车。关
键
部分是否定词hardly以及beyond his means(为某人财力所不及)。由此可以推断答案为A。
8. 【答案】A
【试题分析】推断题。
【详细解答】女士问男士为什么把钱扔出去，男士说把钱扔给表演的人表示你喜欢他的表演。关键部分是You’re supposed to shower the performer with money to show that you like the act。由此可以推断答案为A。
9. 【答案】C
【试题分析】地点题。
【详细解答】男士问女士去Bridge Street如何走，女士回答说沿着这条街走下去，然后在
交通信号灯的右边拐弯。关键部分是take the second turn on the right at the traffic l
ights。由此可以推断答案为C。
10. 【答案】A
【试题分析】推断题。
【详细解答】女士说她们预定的房子是从星期一到星期三，男士说那么你的确定到房间了吗
。
关键部分是so you did manage to get them，隐含否定。由此可以推断答案为A。
　
Section B
Passage One
内容概要：人高兴时就唱歌，而鸟唱歌则是为了传递信息，它们的歌就是它们的语言。雄鸟唱歌是向
雌
鸟示爱，有时鸟唱歌是表示不让其他鸟侵犯自己的领地。有些鸟歌唱得不好，就通过身体语
言来传递信息。
11. 【答案】B
【试题分析】因果关系题。
【详细解答】根据文中的句子They sing to give information．Their songs are their l
anguage．（他们唱歌是为了传递信息，它们的歌是它们的语言）可以判断答案为B。
12. 【答案】D
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据文中第二段，如果鸟儿唱得不好（can not sing well），它有其它方式传递信息。有的会跳舞（dance），有的会开屏（spread out their tails），还有的发信号（make other signs），由此可判断答案为D。
13. 【答案】A
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据文中第二段最后一句话，这种鸟儿会用石头和花修筑一个小的花园（builds a small garden of stones and flowers）吸引异性。可以判断答案是A。

Passage Two
内容概要：在现代生活中，很多事物都在发生变化。并且变化的速度之快使我们根本没法记住某一变
化是什么时候发生的，比如说现在的电视机和收音机已经是第二代，第三代了，可我们谁也
没
有意识到第一代产品。我的一位朋友出生于19世纪末，跟她交谈，真让人感到她就是一本历
史书，她能清楚地告诉你她的生活中所发生的变化，而这些变化其实也正好反映出社会的变
革。
14. 【答案】C
【试题分析】主旨题。
【详细解答】根据文章第一段第一句话There are so many things going on in our modern lives，and change happens so quickly．（现代生活变化快）可以判断答案为C。
15. 【答案】A
【试题分析】因果关系题。
【详细解答】根据文章中的句子 “change happens so quickly．（变化如此之快）It is hard to imagine a
time when things were slower and you could really see a new thing come into your l
ife and to remember the day or the year when those things happened． I know that
today，for example，there are many instances of second and third generations of
things，such as televisions or radios（电视和广播），when some of us were not even aware that
there was a first generation”（我们谁也没有意识到它们的第一代产品）．可以看出，举例是用来说明change happens so quickly，可以判断答案为A。
16. 【答案】D
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据文章最后一句As she grew up,cars and trains came in，and she remembers her first ride with a real sense of amazement that anyone could move so fast，有着真正好奇感（with a real sense of amazement）可以判断答案为D。
Passage Three
内容概要：Cottonville是专门为苏格兰女囚犯设计的一种新型监狱。在这种监狱里，女囚犯们自己
做
饭，其他各方面的环境宛若度假村。白天，大多数囚犯可以干活挣钱，她们还可以参与各种
球类活动、文娱活动。在这里，鼓励每个人自立，有责任感；并且使她们的自尊心受到保护。
17. 【答案】C
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据原文第一句Cottonville is a new prison specially designed for wom
en criminals in Scotland. 由句中新的监狱（a new prison）可以判断答案为C。
18. 【答案】A
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据原文第一句Cottonville is a new prison specially designed for wom
en criminals in Scotland. 由句中为苏格兰女犯所设计的（designed for women criminals in scotland）可以判断答案为A。
19. 【答案】C
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据本文最后一句 “ We try to preserve the prisoners’ respect as much
as possible by imagining ourselves in their position.” His words explained why th
is new prison is run in a unique way。由句中对犯人的尊重和设身处地为他们着想，可判断答案为C。
20. 【答案】 B
【试题分析】细节题。
【详细解答】根据本文最后一句 “ We try to preserve the prisoners’ respect as much
as possible by imagining ourselves in their position.” His words explained why th
is new prison is run in a unique way.由句中保留犯人的尊严（preserve the prisoners’ respect）,可以判断答案为B。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension 
Passage One

内容概要：本文介绍了孩子如何学会阅读。虽然老师花了大量的时间教学生阅读，但显然这是徒劳无
益
的，因为阅读只有通过为学生创造合适的条件，让他们自己养成有效的阅读习惯，并通过阅
读本身来解决有效阅读这一问题。
21. 【答案】D
 【译文】根据短文得知，第一段里提到的阅读课存在的问题是教学生阅读花的时间
太多。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到第二段找相对应的地方可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章Para 1里的第2-4句：Teaching children to read is not passin
g
reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about
reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools sho
uld stop trying to do the impossible.” 根据endless hours spent in activities abo
ut reading可以判断，“大量的时间花在阅读这一活动上”，再结合Teaching children to
read，可以看出阅读活动是指“教小孩阅读”而不是“小孩自己阅读”，所以答案为D。
22. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，如果老师能够让学生培养起自己的阅读方法，那么阅读教
学就成功了。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章Para. 2里的第三句： The function of teaching is to create theconditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise th
e most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. 根据该句子的意思，“教
阅读是否成功”在于for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching
themselves to read，所以答案为B。
23. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，scrutiny的意思是observation。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章Para 2里的Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen
and observed.与teaching 相对应的是learning to read, 而Almost all of it（learning
to read）is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process
is not open to public scrutiny.因而teaching: public, can be seen/observed,那么l
earning to read 则是private, not open to public scrutiny, scrutiny一定与seen/obs
erved近义，所以答案为B。
24. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，当学生有强烈的学习动机时，学会阅读就不再是一件
难事。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章最后一句Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of
learning to read by reading。句中的when隐含条件，在when条件中，关键是孩子有机会
“通过阅读来解决学会阅读这一问题（to solve the problem of learning to read by re
ading），所以答案为A。
25. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，阅读能力是后天习得，而不是老师教会的。
 【试题分析】主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章的主题句，即para.1第一句：So long as teachers fail to dist
inguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for c
hildren that which only children can do for themselves.根据句子的意思，老师教孩
子阅读，而这种做法只不过是“为孩子们做了只有他们自己才能做的事（do that which on
ly children can do for themselves）”，所以答案为C。

Passage Two
内容概要：本文介绍了疾病对包括人类在内的物种数量的影响。在高密度生存的物种之间，病原体的
传
播非常容易，并且速度很快。如今为了避免这种情况发生，现代种植园中避免了同种植物密
度过高地种植在一起。人类也利用疾病的传播来控制有些动物的数量，以尽可能保持生态平
衡。
26. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，在现代化的树林里，同种类的树不能密密麻麻地种在一起
，是因为同种类的树之间可能会互相传染疾病。
 【试题分析】因果关系题。通过题干中的结果回到文章第三段里找相对应的原因，便可以得知
答案。
【详细解答】见文章第一段第二句话In crowded conditions where many individuals of
a
species are living close together, the spread of pathogens(病原体)from one indiv
idual to another, occurs readily. 说明同一物种生存的距离太近会造成疾病传染，所以
答案为B。
27. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，人口的相对稳定性被医学的进步所打破。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方，便可以得知答案。
【详细解答】见文章第二段第三句The relative stability of the human population has
been upset by advances in medical science，所以答案为C。
28. 【答案】D
 【译文】根据短文得知，某种疾病的传播控制住了新西兰一种鸟的数量。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方，便可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第三段第一句The decrease in distribution and numbers of so
me
species of native birds in New Zealand - the bell bird for example - has been a
ttributed to disease rather than predation，所以答案为D。
29. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，试图把多发粘液瘤病引进到新西兰以控制野兔的数量，这
一计划失败了，主要是因为在该国没有昆虫传播这种病。
 【试题分析】因果关系题。通过题干里的结果回到文章里找相对应的原因，便可以得知
答案。
【详细解答】见文章第三段最后一句Attempts to introduce myxomatosis into New Zealand as a means of rabbit population control have failed, mainly because the species
of flea and mosquito which transmit the disease are absent in this country，没
有传染的媒介，所以答案为B。
30. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，医学的进步使得疾病不再在世界上很多地方调节人口数量。
 【试题分析】推断题。通过各选项的内容回到文章中找相对应的句子，便可以得知答案
。
【详细解答】见文章第二段最后三句The relative stability of the human population h
as been upset by advances in medical science. No longer does disease regulate human population growth in many parts of the world. Medical cures have prolonged lif
e and upset the age structure of many populations, increasing the proportion of
individuals in the reproductive age group，所以答案为A。
Passage Three
内容概要：本文介绍了产生社会变革的几种因素。在不同种类的人混杂在一起的社会里，变革较快，
而
在各方面都相似的人聚集在一起的社会里，变革则较慢。在社会内部，物质文化方面比非物
质文化方面，更有可能产生社会变革。
31. 【答案】D
 【译文】根据短文得知，除了不同的条件，以下三个因素都可以促进社会变革
。
 【试题分析】细节题。一误三正，通过题干回到文章中找相对应的句子，便可以得知答
案。
 【详细解答】见文章中第一段All these factors tend to promote social change by o
pe
ning more areas of life to decision. 可以判断促使社会变革的因素出现在该句子前面
：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of
different kinds of people（答案A） than in societies where people are similar in
many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of l
ooking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, mor
e disagreements in interest (答案C), and more groups and organizations with differ
ent beliefs (答案B). In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and
greater tolerance in mixed societies. 这里提到了different kinds of people（答案A）
，different beliefs(答案B)，more disagreements in interest (答案C)，所以答案为D。
32. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，greater tolerance指的是对不同的信仰和行为的尊
重。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章中的tolerance一词，该词常用来表示“忍受，容忍”，结合上文
：There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organiz
ations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly i
nterest and greater tolerance in mixed societies，此处的tolerance指的是对more id
eas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with diff
erent beliefs的容忍，即尊重，所以答案为A。
33. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，在社会内部，技术方面的变化比价值方面的变化更有可能
发生。
 【试题分析】细节题。一正三误，通过选项回到文章里找相对应的句子，便可以得知答
案。
 【详细解答】见文章第二段：Within a society, social change is also likely to
oc
cur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the c
ulture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in valu
es（答案A不对）; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learn
ed early（答案B不对）; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society tha
n in their opposite（答案C对）; in the simple elements rather than in the complex
ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to t
he culture rather than in strange elements（答案D不对）。所以答案为C。
34. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，社会变革如果一步一步进行的话，则容易一些。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过对gradual的理解，便可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第三段第一句social change is easier if it is gradual.grad
ual与step by step近义。所以答案为A。
35. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，文章主要讨论有些因素决定了社会变革的产生。
 【试题分析】主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句以及各段落的主题句可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章每一段的主题句（Para.1）Social change is more likely to oc
cur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in soc
ieties where people are similar in many ways. (Para.2) Within a society, social
change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in....(Para. 3)
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual，每个主题句里都含有social
change，所以答案为B。
Passage Four
内容概要：本文介绍了人们对食物中存在的危害的看法，指出美国人过高地估价了食物的危害。事实
上
，蔬菜本身的10%以上是天然杀虫剂，因而尽管美国人对无害食物的需求越来越大，但实际
上根本就不存在无害食物。政府虽然可以采取措施以确保提供较好的食物和水资源，但关键
在于消费者自己学会如何烹调。
36. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，作者认为，美国人对食物的看法是过高地估价了食物
的危害。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的句子可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章的第一句 Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exa
gg
erated view of most of the risks surrounding food.可以看出，美国人对有关food和ri
sk的看法是歪曲和夸张distorted and exaggerated，所以答案为C。
37. 【答案】C
 【译文】根据短文得知，作者认为不可能得到无害食物，因为很多蔬菜本身含有化
学物质。
 【试题分析】因果关系题。通过题干中的结果，回到文章中找相对应的原因，便可以得
知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第二段第1-2句：Though the public increasingly demands no-r
is
k food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames（,chairman of the biochemistry depart
ment at the University of California, Berkeley, ）points out that up to 10% of a
plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides可以看出，第二句是解释第一句中的
结果，既然up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides（植物组成的1/10是天然刹虫剂），所以答
案为C。
38. 【答案】A
 【译文】根据短文得知，Bruce Ames所说的they employ chemical warfare，指的
是蔬菜产生某种化学物质来与病虫害做斗争。
 【试题分析】词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章第二段里的句子Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry dep
ar
tment at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a
plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides, says he: “Since plants do not h
ave jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare”，植物本身
产生natural pesticides来对付病虫害，从而保护自己，所以答案为A。
39. 【答案】B
 【译文】根据短文得知，减少食物中潜在的危害最终在于消费者。
 【试题分析】细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的句子可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章最后一段里的句子Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do
a
better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly, consumers才是最关键
的，所以答案为B。
40. 【答案】D
 【译文】根据短文得知，在这篇文章里作者想说明对食物消费有必要引起注意，但
无须紧张。
 【试题分析】主旨大意题。通过各段落的主题句可以得知答案。
 【详细解答】见文章各段的主题句:（Para.1）Many Americans harbor a grossly dis
to
rted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food(美国人过高地估价
了食物的危害)。 (Para.2) Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, th
ere is no such thing（虽然美国人对无害食物的需求越来越大，但根本就不存在无害食物
）。 (Para. 3) Yet the issues are not that simple（问题并没有那么简单）。 (Para.
4) To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tig
hten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its
enforcement policies. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a bette
r job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. （政府虽然可以采取措施，
但关键在于消费者）。所以答案为D。

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
41. 【答案】B
【译文】救护车应该享有优先权，因为它总是要处理突发事件。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“紧急”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】emergency表示“紧急情况，突发事件，紧急事件”。
emergence表示“浮现，露出，出现，发生”。
urgency表示“紧急，紧急的事”。
crisis表示“危机，危险期，紧要关头”。
42. 【答案】B
【译文】学高级课程时，学生必须每隔一个月参加表演考试。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“相隔”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】interval表示“（时间，位置的）间隔”。又如：at 20-minute intervals/a
t intervals of 20 minutes每隔20分钟。
gap表示“(时间，空间的)间断，空白”。如：an awkward gap in the conversation谈
话中令人尴尬的间断。
length表示“（时间的）长短，期间”。如：I was tired because of the length of t
he meeting. 会议时间太长，使我感到疲倦。
distance表示“（时间的）相隔”，但没有at monthly distance这一表达法。
43. 【答案】B
【译文】那位游客说英语带有浓重的美国口音。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个a-开头的名词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】accent表示“口音；重音”。
accident表示“意外事件，事故”。
absence表示“缺席，缺乏，没有”。
access表示“通路，访问，入门”。
44. 【答案】C
【译文】警察力图找出在交通事故中丧身的女子的身份。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个名词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】identity表示 “身份，本身，本人”。又如：identity card身份证。
situation表示“情形，境遇”。
position表示“位置，职位”。status表示“地位，身份，资格”。指造成社会名望，或职业成就的一切资格和条件。
45. 【答案】B
【译文】他的能力和经验使他赢得同事们的尊敬。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“给予”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】entitle表示“给......权利或资格”。entitle sb. to do sth.给某人做某
事的权利或资格。
 permit表示“准许，允许”。
 distinguish表示“区别，辨别”。
 grant表示“同意，准予”。
46. 【答案】B
【译文】要想提高写作水平，必须采纳这一计划。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个ad-开头的动词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】adopt表示“采用”。
 adapt表示“使适应”。
 adhere表示“坚持”。
 admit表示“承认，接纳”。
47. 【答案】B
【译文】通过做兼职工作，学生能够积累社会经验，这对他们未来的生活很有必要。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】accumulate表示“积累，积聚”。
pick表示“挑选”。
collect表示“收集”。
practice表示“练习，实习”。
48. 【答案】
【译文】还要再过一段时间，他才能见到他的密友。
【试题分析】固定搭配题，要求考生能记住该句型，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】该句的结构为“It is/was ... time before +从句（在 ......以前有 .....
.时间）”，即“......时间以后......(发生......事)”。
49. 【答案】B
【译文】法官批评了这位律师，因为他没有把谈话限定于正在讨论的题目上。
【试题分析】固定搭配题，要求考生能记住该句型，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】under discussion 表示“正在讨论中”，介词短语作后置定语，修饰the top
ic
，介词on, with, for不与discussion 构成固定搭配。“under + 表示行为动作的抽象名词
”的用法在英语中较常见，表工作的继续“在......中的，正被......的”如：under repa
ir/construction/investigation (正在修理中/正在建设中/正在调查中)
50. 【答案】D
【译文】卫兵被授权逮捕任何走进该军事设施的人。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能够掌握whoever的用法。
【详细解答】whoever引导宾语从句，做arrest的宾语，whoever在从句中做主语。从意义上
讲
，whoever相当于anyone who, who引导定语从句，修饰anyone, anyone做arrest的宾语。w
ho, whom 引导的宾语从句不能做arrest的宾语。whose必须修饰名词，不合题意。
51. 【答案】D
【译文】我们学校有一千名报考者参加四级考试。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“……的人”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】candidate表示“应试者， 应征者”。后接介词for。
 applicant表示“申请者，应征者，志愿者”。后接介词for.如： an app
licant for admission to a school(入学申请者)。
 participant表示“参加者、参与者”，后接介词 in. 如：participants
in the protest(参与抗议的人)
 attendant表示“服务员、值班员; 陪从，随从”。如：The room attenda
nt speaks a little English.(房间服务员说一点英语)
52. 【答案】C
【译文】科技课程在化学课程之前修完，是最好不过了。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用虚拟语气。
【详细解答】It is desirable （advisable, appropriate, essential, imperative, imp
or
tant, necessary, preferable, proper）that句型中，that从句里谓语动词用虚拟语气(sh
ould) do形式。
53. 【答案】B
【译文】商业信函应该用正式文体而不是非正式文体来写。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个连接词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】rather than指“而不是”，否定后者。又如： The shoes are comfortable
rather than pretty. (与其说那鞋好看，不如说穿着舒服。)
other than 指“除了”，一般用于否定句。如：You can’t get to the island other than by boat. (要去那座岛，除了搭船以外，别无他法。)
less than 表示“不到，不太”。如：I bought the book for less than $10. (我买这本书，不到10美金。) The boys were less than happy about having a party. (男孩子们不愿意开舞会。)
more than表示“极其，不止”。如：They were more than glad to help. ( 他们非常乐于帮忙。) You are more than an acquaintance. (你远非一个熟人而已。)
54. 【答案】A
【译文】事已如此，我无法支持他。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用现在分词。
【详细解答】此句逗号后为完整的句子，因而逗号前只能用非谓语形式，表示原因，主语th
e case和be动词存在主谓关系，因而选用being.
55. 【答案】D
【译文】水将依然如现在一样，其重要性仅次于氧气。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用what引导的名词性从句。
【详细解答】what引导表语从句，what 在从句中又做is的表语。 how 引起方式
状语; which引导定语从句; as 引导定语从句，常用于 “the same /such/so/as ...a
s”结构中。
56. 【答案】C
【译文】我们不能认为现代文明是在短期内创造出来的。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用现在分词的完成体被动形式。
【详细解答】having been created做主语补助 语，因create的动作先于谓语动词，故用完
成体，又因create与 our modern civilization存在动宾关系，故用被动形式。

四级考试中已出现的题：
His remarks left me ____ about his real purpose. (99.6)
A. wonder B. wondering
C. wondered D. to wonder
57. 【答案】B
【译文】温度降低了，农民们不得不用塑料把种子盖起来。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用such...that的用法。
【详细解答】such...that表示“如此......以至......”，such后接名词，表示程度，tha
t后接从句，表示结果。
58. 【答案】D
【译文】我过去五年在此服役期间，很少犯错。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用seldom引导的部分倒装句。
【详细解答】seldom位于句首，引起句子部分倒装。during my past five years of servi
ce
为时间状语，表示过去时间，句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。在英语中， 频率副词位于句
首表示强调，句子的主语和谓语部分的功能词倒装。这些副词有：always，often，many a
time，once/twice，every other day， seldom，never。如：Often had I intended to s
peak of it.我曾多次打算谈那件事。
59. 【答案】B
【译文】她用了大量的实验数据来证明她的新理论。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个名词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】evidence表示“根据，证据，物证”。Evidence for/of a conclusion结论的
根据。
publication表示“出版物，出版，发表”。
recognition表示“承认，重视，公认”。People has paid due recognition to her ab
ility.人们对她的能力给予应有的承认。
reference 表示“参考，参考书目，提及，涉及”。
60. 【答案】A
【译文】尽管罢工已经结束，工资争端也已解决，但这个国家花了几个星期才彻底清扫
干净。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】settle表示“调停（争端等），解决（问题、纠纷等）”。
 smooth表示“消除，使光滑，烫平”。
 relieve表示“缓和（痛苦等），减轻；解除（负担、重负）”。
 calm表示“（使）平静，（使）镇定”。
61. 【答案】A
【译文】所有外国学生，不分年龄、性别、种族、宗教，都有选举权。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个di-开头的名词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】distinction表示“区别，差别”。Without distinction (of)没有差别。
disposal表示“处理，处置，安排，支配”。
disguise表示“伪装”。
division表示“分开，区分”。
62. 【答案】B
【译文】那种布料不吸水，因此适合作雨衣。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】absorb表示“吸收”。
shrink表示“收缩”。
reserve表示“保留”。
acquire表示“获得，学到”。
63. 【答案】A
【译文】广告与其他交际形式不同，因为刊登广告者要为发出去的信息付钱。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生能正确使用in that。
【详细解答】in that表示“因为......，在......这一点上”。又如：I was lucky in th
at I wad able to find a good baby-sitter. 我很幸运能找到好保姆。
 四级考试中已出现的题：
 1) Liquids are like solids ____ they have a definite volume. (95.6.
)
A. in that B. for that
C. with that D. at that
2) Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ____ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. (98.6.)
 A. by that B. at that
C. on that D. in that
3) These two areas are similar ____ they both have a high rainfall during thi
s season. (99.1.)
 A. to that B. besides that
C. in that D. except that
64. 【答案】C
【译文】选择名字的过程因文化差异而截然不同，这一点也不奇怪。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个-ly副词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】surprisingly表示“令人惊奇地”，not surprisingly表示“并不使人感到惊
奇地”。
obviously表示“显而易见，显然”。
particularly表示“特别，尤其，格外”；“详细地，细致地”。
normally表示“通常，一般情形”；“正常地，正规地”。
65. 【答案】C
【译文】会上，那女人三次打断我的发言，真让人恼火。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“cut类短语”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】cut into表示“打断，插嘴”。
cut off表示“切断，阻断”。
cut down表示“减少，削减”。
cut out表示“割去，删去”。
66. 【答案】D
【译文】董事长提名他儿子为新成立公司的副总经理。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个动词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】nominate表示“提名，推荐”。
determine表示“决定，确定”。
elect表示“选举，推选”。
inherit表示“继承，遗传而得”。
67. 【答案】D
【译文】现在医学界权威人士对吸烟给人体造成的危害表示关注。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“关注”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】concern表示“关心，挂念, 挂念”（about/for对......的）。
 consideration表示“考虑，思考，体贴”。
 attention表示“注意”。
 belief表示“相信，信念”。
68. 【答案】B
【译文】使我们感到遗憾的是，很多事情并没有象我们预料的那样尽如人意。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“含有副词out的动词词组”的差别，并能
正确使用。
【详细解答】turn out表示“结果是，（最后）证明是”。
set out表示“动身，启程”。
come out表示“进步，进展；出版，发表”。
break out表示“爆发，突然出现”。
69. 【答案】B
【译文】特别是很多成年学生迫切需要掌握口语技能。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个“特别的”的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】particular表示“特别的，特殊的，独特的”。In particular表示“特别，
尤其”。
peculiar表示“奇特的，特殊的，罕见的”
special 表示“特别的，特殊的，专门的”。不与介词in构成固定搭配。
unusual表示“不平常的，与众不同的”。
70. 【答案】A
【译文】她在事故中受了重伤，但由于她对事故负有全部责任，因而得不到任何法律赔
偿。
【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生能辨析几个形容词的差别，并能正确使用。
【详细解答】responsible表示“负责的，有责任的”(for对 ......)。
suitable表示“适当的，相配的”。
nervous表示“神经紧张的，不安的”。
 indispensable表示“不可缺少的，绝对必要的”。
Part IV Cloze
内容概要：人在一生中都用语言这一工具来拓展自己的知识面，开阔眼界。许多语言学家认为进化使
得人们有能力产生和使用语言。支持语言先天论的人认为人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但
语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的，所以这种能力应该是潜在的
。目前人们对“先天论”评价不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。虽然语言
的某些方面是先天的,但必须通过与人交往，个人的语言能力才能发展起来。
71. 【答案】B
【译文】当人类刚刚开始时，他们如同新生儿一样，不会运用语言这一 工
具。
【试题分析】本题测试动词的用法。
【详细解答】evolve进化，逐渐发展。generate生殖，发展。born　(bear的过去分词)不
能作谓语动词。originate起源，不能用first修饰。
72. 【答案】A
【译文】当人类刚刚开始进化时，他们如同新生儿一样，不会运用语言这一 工具
。
【试题分析】本题测试形容词的用法。
【详细解答】valuable珍贵的。appropriate合适的，适当的。convenient方便的，便利的
。favorite最喜欢的。
73. 【答案】A
【译文】语言一旦发展起来，人类就有可能在未来取得 、文化取得进步。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】attainments成就。feasibility可行性。entertainments娱乐。evolution进
化。
74. 【答案】D
【译文】许多语言学家认为进化 人们有能力产生和使用语言。
【试题分析】本题测试形容词的用法。
【详细解答】responsible有责任的；尽责的，后面接介词for构成搭配，表示“对......负责，是......的原由”。essential必要的，本质的。available可利用的。通用的reliable
可靠的，可信赖的
75. 【答案】C
【译文】他们认为高度发达的大脑使其它低等物种所不具备的语言
能力。
【试题分析】本题测试动词的用法。
【详细解答】根据语法分析,空格后应是一个宾语从句，而B，D后都不能直接接从句做宾语
。claim声称，主张；索取。 后面可以接that从句；inform通知，inform sb. of　sth. 或i
nform sb. that...；confirm证实，肯定，后面直接接that 从句，但意思不符。convinc
e使确信，使信服。convince sb. of　sth. 使某人确信……
76. 【答案】D
【译文】他们认为我们高度发达的大脑使其它低等物种所不具备的语言能
力。
【试题分析】本题测试动词搭配的用法。
【详细解答】固定搭配provide sb. sth.向(人)提供(物)，划线处只能填介词with，
其他介词不行。
77. 【答案】B
【译文】他们认为我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其它低等物种所不具备的语言能力。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】显然，这里把人和低等动物相比较。因此选B。organism有机体，生物体。o
rganization组织；团体，机构。human人。children孩子。
78. 【答案】A
【译文】支持 语言先天论的人认为人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身 童
年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的，所以这种能力应该是的。
【试题分析】本题测试 形容词的用法。
【详细解答】potential潜力。performance履行。preference偏爱。passion激情。

79. 【答案】A
【译文】支持 语言先天论的人认为人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身 童
年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。
【试题分析】本题测试介词的用法。
【详细解答】从上下文的意思来看，这里需要介词as，表示“作为，当作”。like 做介词
用时，表示“像......一样”。
80. 【答案】B
【译文】语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是 变化的过程。
【试题分析】本题测试形容词的用法。
【详细解答】biological生物的。ideological思想上的。social社会的。psychological
心理的。
81. 【答案】A
【译文】目前人们对“先天论”不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】reviews评论。reference参考。reaction反应。recommendation推荐。

82. 【答案】C
【译文】____，越来越多的学校发现最好在低年级教外语。
【试题分析】本题测试表示逻辑关系的副词的用法。
【详细解答】从81题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，
作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词C。indeed真正地；
确实。in a word简言之，总之，一句话。in a sense 在某种意义上说。in other words
也就是说，换句话说。
83. 【答案】D
【译文】的确，越来越多的学校发现最好在 年级教外语。
【试题分析】本题测试形容词的用法。
【详细解答】根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Young　children　often　can　l
earn　several　languages　by　being 　84　to　them,　while　adults...可以选定答
案。lower较低的。various各种各样的。different不同的。higher较高的。 
84. 【答案】B
【译文】通过 多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。
【试题分析】本题测试固定搭配的用法。
【详细解答】be exposed to sth.接触到。
reveal(显露)sth.to　sb，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭
配。engage in从事。be involved in参与。
85. 【答案】C
【译文】一旦母语被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】rule规则，规律。regulation规定。formation构成，构造。constitution
宪法，章程。
86. 【答案】A
【译文】尽管语言的某些方面肯定是先天的, 语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展
。
【试题分析】本题测试逻辑关系词的用法。
【详细解答】分析上下文的逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意

思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。前后应为转折关系（although）。
87. 【答案】D
【译文】与人孤立的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。
【试题分析】本题测试形容词的用法。
【详细解答】isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的。distinguished区别的，杰出的。different
不同的。protected受到保护的。
88. 【答案】D
【译文】这一点说明必须通过与他人互动，语言才能够发展。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】interaction相互作用，相互影响。exposition暴露。comparison比较。con
trast对比。
89. 【答案】A
【译文】有些语言学家认为，对人类语言 来说，与人交往比其他任何先天能力都
重要。
【试题分析】本题测试名词的用法。
【详细解答】根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even　more　basic”分别指代上句的“interact
ion with　other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language devel
opment。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。 acquisition习得。appreciation欣
赏,感激。requirement要求。alternative转移，转变，转换。
90. 【答案】C
【译文】儿童通过模仿，从父母那儿学会语言。
【试题分析】本题测试逻辑关系词。
【详细解答】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿
性的后天行为)”。in other words换言之，换句话说。as a result结果是。after all毕
竟。above all首先。
Part V Writing
1)写作指导：
该作文题属于典型的图表作文。写图表作文前要注意的是：要从图
表中看出规律。写作时，首先描述规律，然后从规律中得出结论，即文章的主题思想，最后
展开说明。写图表作文时，有些句型可以套用，注意参考范文中黑体字部分。
2) 参考范文：
The Increase in the Number of Chinese Traveling Abroad 
As can be clearly observed from the table above, the trend of Chinese traveling abroad is going up these years. In the past three years, the number of Chinese traveling abroad was on a steady rise. According to the table, the number increased from 7.5 million in 1999 to 10 million in 2000 and to 12.1 million in 2001.
I think there are at least three reasons to account for the above mentioned changes. First and foremost , the changes are primarily concerned with the income of Chinese. They are better off and can afford to travel abroad. What’s more, they have a lot to do with the development of the travel industry in China. More and more travel agencies are attracting more people to join in their tours abroad. Last but not the least, the changes are closely related to our policy of opening up to the outside world.
From what has been discussed so far, it is obvious that the increase in the number of Chinese traveling abroad is of great concern of our life. It reflects the improvement of our living standards and the development of our economy.

本套试卷测试的语言重点
【8个重点单词】
1. emergency表示“紧急情况，突发事件，紧急事件”。
2. interval表示“（时间，位置的）间隔”。又如：at 20-minute intervals/at intervals of 20 minutes每隔20分钟。
3. identity表示 “身份，本身，本人”。又如：identity card身份证。
4. entitle表示“给......权利或资格”。entitle sb. to do sth.给某人做某事的权利
或资格。
5. adopt表示“采用”。
6. accumulate表示“积累，积聚”。
7. settle表示“调停（争端等），解决（问题、纠纷等）”。
8. particular表示“特别的，特殊的，独特的”。In particular表示“特别，尤其”。

【4个重点词组】
1. rather than指“而不是”，否定后者。又如： The shoes are comfortable
rather than pretty. (与其说那鞋好看，不如说穿着舒服。)
2. in that表示“因为......，在......这一点上”。又如：I was lucky in that I wa
d able to find a good baby-sitter. 我很幸运能找到好保姆。
3. cut类短语。cut into表示“打断，插嘴”。cut off表示“切断，阻断”。cut down
表示“减少，削减”。cut out表示“割去，删去”。
4. 含有副词out类的动词词组。turn out表示“结果是，（最后）证明是”。set out表
示
“动身，启程”。come out表示“进步，进展；出版，发表”。break out表示“爆发，突
然出现”。
【2项重点语法】
1. 现在分词being在句子中常常用来表示原因。如：The weather being bad, we had to postpone our trip. 因为天气不好，我们不得不延期出行。
2. It is desirable （advisable, appropriate, essential, imperative, important,
necessary, preferable, proper）that句型中，that从句里谓语动词用虚拟语气(should) do/be done形式。

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