[专业四级语法与词汇]专业四级语法词汇考前恶补

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集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，
通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
 
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：all the machinery in the factory is made in china.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
the city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
a committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
 
近义词辨析
 
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout
 
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
 
exhausted
表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
the exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
 
fatigued
所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
he felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
 
weary
语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
after a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
wornout
这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
the troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
 
全真模拟试题
1. although ______ spanish, he attended the course.
a. he was knowing       b. he is knowing
c. having a knowledge of   d. knows
 
2. you ______that letter to james. however, you didn’t.
a. ought to write         b. ought to have written
c. should write d. should be writing
 
3. joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
a. to escape   b. to have escaped
c. to escaping   d. to be escaping
 
4. bread and butter ______liked by westerners.
a. is       b. are       c. were     d. be
 
5. the back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______
 very pleasant to sit on in summer.
a. which is   b. which it is   c. it is   d.  where it is
 
6. he set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.
a. in   b.  of   c.  on   d. by
 
7. john’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______
 last night.
a. must study  b. should have studied
c. must have studied  d. is sure to study
 
8. frank almost never received any education, ______?
a. would he   b. did he
c. didn’t he   d. wouldn’t he
 
9.  even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______
 too late to do anything.
a.  will arrive...is  b.  should arrive...were
c.  arrives...will be   d.  arrives...would be
 
10. we can hear  ______from the back of the room.
a. just as good   b.  just as easy  
c.  just as well   d.  easily as well
 
11. to obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______
 of paint on a clean surface.
a.  coats   b. levels   c.  times   d. courses
 
12. the small mountain village was ______ by the snow
for more than one month.
a. cut back   b.  cut out
c.  cut off   d. cut away
 
13.  miss green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.
a. fined   b.  charged   c.  punished   d.  posed
 
14.  modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
a. technique b.  technology
  c. tactics d.  tendency
 
15. mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear
it ______ when she was trying to go to  sleep.
a. sounding   b. ringing   c. ticking   d. humming
 
16. under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even
became liquid.
a. intensive   b.  weighty   c.  intense   d.  bulky

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