【沈阳周恩波】【恩波沈阳分校】四级辅导班短文答案（一）

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短文

一．
Passage One
    Vending machines sell many different types of items. Some of them sell cold drinks like soda, or hot drinks like coffee or hot chocolate. Others sell candy, stamps, tickets, newspapers, and other types of small merchandise.
    These machines have been successful for two reasons. They save time and they are convenient. Merchandise sold in machines eliminates the need for a salesclerk or cashier. In many places the customer can use the machines at any time of day or night.
    Although there are many different sizes and types of vending machines, they all work in basically the same way. The customer puts a coin into the machine and then pushes a button, pulls a lever, or opens a door to receive the merchandise. Some machines will also return change to the customer for paper money. But the basic idea is the same. Customers like to save time and are usually willing to pay a higher price for this convenience.
    The sale of snacks in vending machines has always been very successful. However, machine now sell hot meals with only limited success. In New York city, automats used to sell a lot of hot foods in vending machines. But in recent years, fast food establishments have replaced automats.
1. Which is Not mentioned as items that vending machines sell according to the tape ?     D
2. What are the advantages of vending machines?                                           C
3. Which of the following statements is true?                                             D  

Passage Two
    Around the year 1000 A.D., some people from northwest India began to travel westwards. Nobody knows why. After leaving their homes, they did not settle down again, but spent their lives moving from one place to another. Their later generations are called Roman people, or Gypsy. There are Gypsies all over the world, and many of them are still traveling with no fixed homes. There are about 8 million of them including 3 million in eastern Europe. Gypsies have sometimes had a hard time in the countries where they were treated cruelly, like the Jews, and nobody knows how many of them died in Hitler’s death camps.
     Gypsies have their own language, Romany. They like music, and dancing and they often work in friar and traveling shows. Traveling is very important to them, and many Gypsies are unhappy if they have to stay in one place. Because of this , it is difficult for Gypsy children to go to school. And Gypsies are often unable to read and write. In some places, the education authorities try to arrange special traveling schools for Gypsy children, so that they can get the same education as other children.
4. Why did the ancestors of the Gypsies leave their home?                 D
5. What is the attitude of some people towards Gypsies?                   C
6. What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?                    A  

Passage Three
     If you own a pet or know someone who does ,  you have  probably noticed the animal scratching itself upon occasion. The cause of their scratching may be any one of a number of things, but the most likely explanation for it is the presence of fleas in the animal’s fur or feathers.
     There are more than two thousand varieties of fleas in the world, and they are not confined to household pets. Most warm-blooded animals have their own types of leas. These fleas seek protection in the fur, hair, or feathers of their host animals and then begin sucking blood for food. An animal which lives off another animals in this fashion is called a parasite.
     Fleas cause more trouble than a simple itch. Their bites can often become infected and cause great difficulty for the host animal. In older days, fleas were the carriers of the dreaded plague, a disease which killed millions of people. Fortunately, modern sanitation has made this kind of epidemic an unlikely possibility.
     Even the flea has problems, however, for there are tiny parasites which feed on it ! 7.What is true about a parasite?                            B
8.Why are fleas NOT as harmful as they were long ago?       B
9. What wouldn’t a flea like?                              A

二．
Passage One
    A calendar is a kind of chart that is used to keep track of days , months, and years. The ancient calendars of China were sometimes divided into 12-year cycles. Each year in the 12-year cycle had the name of an animal.
    There were twelve animals that were used to name the 12 year so f the cycle. These animals Are the rat,  ox,  tiger,  rabbit,  dragon,  snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. Following that order, you can figure out the animal for any year.
    In ancient times these animals had some significance or meaning for people. There were two common areas of significance that the Chinese calendar was used in.
    One area of its use was in selection of a marriage partner. For example, a woman who was born in the year of the dog was perfectly suited to a man who was born in they ear of the rabbit. On the other hand, a man who was born in the year of the snake would not be suitable for a woman who was born in the year of the monkey. People often consulted the charts before selecting a marriage partner.
     Another area of use for the calendar was in selecting a profession. For example, a person born in the year of the dragon might be good for the medical profession, but not for the legal profession. A person born in the year of the rooster might be suitable for a profession as a cook, but not for a profession as a tailor.
     According to some accounts, people often consulted the calendar when making choices like these.  
1. In what two areas was the ancient calendar used?                                   C
2. What kind of man is most suitable for a woman born in the year of the dog?         A
3. What kind of person is most suitable for being a doctor?                           B  

Passage Two
    Paul, a salesman from London. Was driving past a ports car parked outside a supermarket when he saw it start to roll slowly down the hill. Inside the car were two girls on the passenger seat but no driver. Paul stopped quickly, jumped in front of the sports car, and tried to stop it, pushing against the front of the car. Another man who was standing nearby got into the car and put on the hand brake, saving the girls from injury. It was at this point that Paul noticed his own car rolling slowly down the hill, and was so badly damaged, that it had to be pulled away to a garage. As if this was not bad enough, Paul now found he had no one to blame. He was so busy chasing his car that he did not get the name of the driver of the sports car, who just came out of the supermarket and drove away without realizing what had just happened.  
4. Which car was badly damaged?                                                C
5. Where was the driver of the sports car when the accident happened?          D
6. Who did Paul think was to blame for the accident?                           A
7. Who was injured in the accident?                                            A  

Passage Three
    In the past, when a child swallowed poison, you were told to make the child vomit. Things are no longer that simple. New and different chemical poisons require different treatments. If your child swallows poison, it is a good idea to call Poison control or your doctor immediately. If you go to the hospital, be sure to take the bottle of medicine(or chemicals) with you.
    What about those small accidents that happened every day: the stove burns, the knife cuts, and the scraped knees? You can’t always run to the doctor.
    The first thing to do is to decide if the injury is serious enough to go to the hospital. If it is, go right away. Don’t wait until morning or wait for a few hours to see how you feel. If the injury is serious, go to the hospital immediately.
    If you decide it isn’t serious, there are many home remedies you can use. To treat small burns, for example, many people keep an aloe plant in the house. When they burn themselves, they rub the juice of the aloe leaf on the burn. The easiest thing to do is to run cold water on the burn. To heal cuts and scrapes, there are many things you can buy in the drugstore, such as antibiotic creams. But if you get a serious cut or are cut by something rusty, you should probably go to a doctor and get a tetanus shot.  
8. what would people do in the past when a child swallowed poison?                        D
9. What is the main idea of the passage?                                                  C
10. Which is NOT one of the home remedies you can use when you have a small accident?     C  

三．
Passage One  
    A “typical” British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact, one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.
    Another change has been caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives, there are many families that consist of only one person or one person and children. You might think that marriage and the families are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family.   
1. What is the main idea of the passage?                                  C
2. Why are there a lot of one-person families in Britain?                 C
3. What is the result of the changes in British families?                 A  

Passage Two
     As the car industry develops, traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common cold, yet their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve. Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has notable causes. At the very least, it is a problem that involves 3 factors s the driver, the vehicle and the roadway. If all drivers exercised good Judgments at all times, there would be fewer accidents. But this is rather like saying that if all people were honest, there would be no crime. Improved design has helped to make highways much safer. But the tide of accidents continues to rise because of human failure and enormous increase in the number of automobiles on the road. Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident, the car itself. Since people assume that accidents are bound to occur, they want to know how cars can be built better to protect the drivers. 
4. What does the speaker think of the causes of automobile accident?                      B
5. What measure has been taken to reduce car accidents?                                   B
6. What remains an important factor for the rising number of road accidents?              D
7. What’s the focus on people’s attention today according to the passage?               A  

Passage Three
    Advertising is the tool that has always been used to convince the public to buy products. In the beginning, it was a basic and crude tool. Craftsmen cried out to passersby, telling the quality of their products. Today newspapers, magazines, radio, and television use a variety of means to introduce the public to the many products developed through technology.
    The Romans started using recorded advertisements. They smoothed and whitened areas on a wall where advertisements could be written or carved.
    In the Middle Ages, people continued to use verbal announcements and written messages, but a new form of advertising) using symbols, was developed as well. Shops displayed a special symbol to indicate what goods or services could be found inside.
    The Industrial Revolution caused an explosion in the advertising field. The abundance of luxury goods, coining both from new inventions and from trade with different parts of the world, meant that consumers had to be told more about products than ever before. They had to be persuaded that they needed all these new products and that one product was superior to its many competitors. The buying public was soon being exposed to endless amounts of advertising.
8. what is the passage about?                                               C
9. How did early craftsmen advertise their products?                        B
10. Who first started using written advertisements?                         C  

四．
Passage One:
    In its early years, the Children"s Book Show -was intended mainly for teachers and librarians. As it became more widely known and successful, more and more family and school parties began to come so that it grew into a real children"s book show, and a show with a double purpose. For years it was held in various halls in London. In answer to enthusiastic invitations to bring it to different parts of the country, the decision was taken to move outside the capital. One year it was held in Leeds, then in Bristol as well as in London, and now it comes to Glasgow. This year"s show will again interest both the general public and specialists. Admission will be free, but school parties must be booked in advance. In a large room near the entrance there will be a self-service bookshop where every book on show will be for sale.
1. What are the books in the exhibition intended for ?                         D
2. Who was the show intended for in its early years?                           A
3. What caused the book show to grow?                                          D
4. What must parties of school children do this year?                          C  

Passage Two
    Columbus sailed from Spain in September 1492, looking for gold. Native Americans greeted him* offering gifts of corn. Columbus found little gold on that trip, but he collected many plants, including corn to bring back to Spain. Columbus didn"t know it. But the corn was much more valuable than gold. Farmers from Europe to Asia accepted it immediately. They grew it on cold mountain sides and in tropical forest. Today it feeds lions of people all over the world. On his second" trip, Columbus brought back a bag of chocolate beans to make chocolate. Europeans and Asians love this new drink, and soon they were paying a great deal of money for the beans.
    Chocolate beans became so valuable in Central America that they were used as cash for 200 years. Tomatoes and potatoes took he time to become popular. Eventually, however, they became 6 basis of a lot of popular food. It is hard to imagine life without fried potatoes and chocolate. Thanks to native American cultures, many people are able to enjoy lots of tasty food.
5. Why is corn feeding millions of people today?                          D
6. What did Columbus bring back on his second trip?                       D
7. What was the result of Columbus’ two trips to America?                B  

Passage Three
    Since the earliest times, trees have always been very useful and important to man who made use of them in many ways for his daily life. Even today trees continue to serve man in so many useful ways. In the tropics where it is very hot all through the year, trees prevent man from suffering from the terrible heat of the sun. They are also useful in preventing soil from being washed away during heavy rains which are so common in the tropics.
    It there were no trees or vegetation of some sort to hold back the soil with their roots, heavy rains would wash away the rich surface soil which is so essential for agriculture. The result is that the land becomes useless and unproductive.
    There are many desert areas in the world now. A long time ago, however, these areas must have been very rich, fertile areas. But because of ignorance, people in ancient times cut down trees just as they pleased. They never thought about planting new trees. Strong winds gradually blew away the rich surface soil and at last the land was turned into useless deserts where nothing could grow.
8. Which of the following statements is true?              D
9. What would happen if there were no trees?               C
10. What do we learn from this passage?                    D

五．
Passage One
    It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives only three to five minutes.
    Dr. Robert J. White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks that doctors should try to make the brain very cold. If it is very cold; the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
    Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different Jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys" blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys" brain. When the brain temperature was 50 degrees F, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again, After their operations, the monkeys were like what they were before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
1. How long can be brain live without blood?                          A
2. How does Dr. White think that he can help?                         B
3. When did Dr. white warm the blood?                                 D

Passage Two
    Not everybody reads the daily newspaper. People who do not read newspapers are sometimes referred to as "nonreaders". Early researchers have shown that nonreaders are generally low in education, low in income, either very young or very old. In addition, nonreaders are more likely to live in rural areas, and have less contact with neighbors and friends. Other studies show that nonreaders tend to isolate themselves from the community and are less likely to own a home and seldom belong to local voluntary organizations.
    Why don"t these people read the daily paper? They say they don"t have the time they prefer radio or TV they have no interests in reading at ail, and besides they think newspapers are too expensive. Recent surveys, however, have indicated that the portrait of the nonreader n | more complicated than first thought. There appears to be a group of nonreaders that does not fit the type mentioned above. They are high in income and fall into the age group of 26 to 65. They are far more likely to report that they don’t have the time to read the papers and they have no interests in the content. Editors and publishers are reattempting to win them back. First, they are adding news briefs and comprehensive indexes. This will help overcome the time problem. And they are also giving the variety to newspaper content to help build the readers’ interests.
4. What is typical of nonreaders according to the early research?        C
5. What are the findings of recent surveys?                              A
6. What are editors and publishers doing to reattract the nonreaders?    C

Passage Three 
    Everyone wants the best for a baby. A mother wants baby to have the best in the way of food, toilet preparation) clothing and equipment. Her value judgements on prices may go crazy when it comes to buying for a baby, particularly the fin one. Manufacturers and advertisers recognize this, and exploit! to the fullest. Far more is spent in buying baby carriages, pus chairs» special milk? and special powders for small babies than necessary.
    The child himself watches television, which usually has a particularly strong influence on small children. Observing them a, they watch television and watching them react to produce afterwards, suggests the young children accept the suggestions d television commercials as well as the guidance offered by children"s programs, and find both equally attractive. The child comes early in life to the feeling widespread in this country that something is said on television it must be true. For this reason much Christmas present advertising, and advertising for sweets cereals, food, washing powders, is geared to children because of the effect their persistent persuading can have on their mothers, By exercising choice in this way, they become consumers at an| early age and the likelihood is that, with current pressure, choosing and buying goods and services will remain an important part of their future lives.
7. What is the psychology for a mother while she purchases for her baby?              B
8. What feeling is widespread in this country?                                        A
9. Why does TV have a strong influence?                                               B

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