【大学英语六级考试全真预测卷一】2005年6月大学英语六级考试全真模拟试题（上）

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    Part I Listening Comprehension （20 minutes）(略)

    Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）

    Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mared A）, B）, C） and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

    Passage One

    Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

    There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.

    In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.

    An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.

    In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.

    21. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A） To explain the science of economics.
B） To outline types of economic systems.
C） To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D） To compare barter and moneyexchange markets.

    22. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best be replaced?

A） High quality.
B） Concrete.
C） Utter.
D） Essential.

    23. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to  
               
A） rapid speed of transactions
B） misunderstandings
C） inflation
D） difficulties for the traders

    24. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system?

A） Individual households.
B） Small businesses.
C） Major companies.
D） The government.

    25. Which of the following statements is true?

A） The central plan drawn up by the government is mainly based on the needs of the state as a whole.
B） The economic system in China is based on the traditional system.
C） In a market system, transactions are controlled by the government.
D） In a traditional society, economy develops very fast.

    Passage Two

    Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

    In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun′s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert′s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities, Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth′s-chief food-growing zones.

    In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

    However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude,therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

    One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots（that is, the relatively less hot spots） on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth′s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

    Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models or solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousand of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth′s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun′s diminishing heat.

    26. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would     
            .
A） prevent the sun′s rays from reaching the earth′s surface
B） mean a warming up in the Arctic
C） account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
D） raise the temperature of the earth′s surface

    27. The article was written to explain   
              .
A） the greenhouse effect
B） the solar effects on the earth
C） the models of solarweather interactions
D） the causes affecting weather

    28. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is    
             .
A） mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
B） possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
C） exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth′s climate
D） partly due to variations in the output of solar energy

    29. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that    
             .
A） the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B） it will take thousands of years fro the inertia of the earth′s climate to take effect
C） the manmade warming effect helps to increase the solar effect
D） the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

    30. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, 
                .
A）the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
B） ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
C） the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly
D）the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth

    Passage Three

    Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

    Before the 1850′s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.

    Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800′s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable （受人尊敬的 ） colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.

    Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacherscholars. Drilling and learning by rote （死记硬背 ） were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor′s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze,and conduct their own research.

    At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

    31. The word "this" （sentence 8, Para. 2） refers to which of the following?

A） Creating and passing on knowledge.
B） Drilling and learning by rote.
C） Disciplining students. 
D） Developing moral principles.

    32. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to                  .
A） discuss moral issues
B） study the classics, rhetoric, and music
C） study overseas
D） work more independently

    33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, all of the following were Characteristic of higher education EXCEPT                  .

A） the elective system   
B） drilling
C） strict discipline   
D） rote learning

    34. Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?

A） Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.
B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.
C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.
D） Teachers should select their students courses.

    35. Why many students decided to study aboard?

A）Because thousands of young Americans wanted to go to Germany to study.
B）Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.
C）Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.
D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.

    Passage Four

    Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

    The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible.

    An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein′s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.

    The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atomsplits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance that was used in making the atom bomb.

    The political background of the atomic scientists′ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held—I think rightly—that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over,it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapon had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.

    When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese,who were already on the verge （边缘） of defeat and, in any case,did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent represent ations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.

    36. We may infer that the writer′s attitude towards the A bomb is that                  .
A） it is a necessary evil
B） it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankind
C） it played a vital part in defeating the Japanese
D） it was a wonderful invention

    37. According to the passage, an atom is heavy if   
              .
A） it has a large nucleus
B） it is radioactive
C） its nucleus has many electrons
D） its nucleus shoots out many particles

    38. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second World War against Germany because     
            .
A）the Germans had been defeated without the use of nuclear weapons
B）the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weapons
C） they thought the Germans would probably win the war
D）the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons

    39. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because      
           . 
A） it was such a dangerous weapon
B） its use against the Japanese, was unnecessary
C） it was a very inhumane weapon
D） the German war was finished

    40.It is implied that the nuclear scientists   
              .
A）might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threat
B） would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threat
C）would have made the bomb, under peacetime conditions, but only for the use of an international authority
D）developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessary

    Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)

    Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.
    For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and
    D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
    Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a
    single line through the center.

    41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.

    A) contains
    B) retires
    C) retains
    D) conveys

    42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview he was to give that afternoon.

    A) reminded … of 
    B) reassured…about 
    C) consulted…about 
    D) questioned…to

    43. The way other people behave towards us influences how we____ ourselves.
   
    A) conceive of
    B) consist of
    C) confront with
    D) conform to

    44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to be and, they ____ it____.
   
    A) work…over
    B) bear…out
    C) live…out
    D) get… over

    45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____ mood is one of optimism .
   
    A) presiding
    B) circulating 
    C) floating
    D) prevailing

    46. These technological advances in communication have____ the way people do business.
   
    A) revolted
    B) represented
  C) adopted
    D) transformed

    47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade union leaders be elected from the workshops . 

    A) urged
    B) related
  C) combated
    D) adapted

    48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods are faulty.

    A) policy
    B) discipline
  C) decision
    D) determination

    49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to France .

    A) Efficient
    B) Influential 
    C) Impressive
    D) Effective 

    50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.

    A) took a chance 
    B) came to nothing 
    C) went into action 
    D) got to the point

    51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she tore it into pieces____

    A) in excitement 
    B) in disappointment 
    C) in disgust 
    D) in expectation

    52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment .

    A) oblivious to
    B) guilty of
  C) wary of
    D) subject to

    53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, and the ability to use them appropriately____ are among the distinguishing marks of command of English like a native.

    A) in context
    B) in practice 
    C) in place
    D) in case

    54.We are still____ things here, but I can’t guarantee the situation will stay that way.

    A) in memory of 
    B) in search of 
    C) in control of 
    D) in need of

    5.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to____.

    A) credit
    B) defy 
    C) modify
    D) define

    56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensive high-tech video systems and all the latest computer equipment.

    A) luxuries
    B) festivities 
    C) dimensions
    D) instruments

    57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not____.

    A) consistent
    B) insistent 
    C) beneficent
    D) resistant

    58.Based on the____ that every business is now free to formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of China’s economy.

    A) guidance
    B) instruction 
    C) . premise
    D) eminence

    59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel  ____.

    A) on board
    B) at ease 
    C) at leisure
    D) at heart

    60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot to overthrow the government

    A) reconciled
    B) blended 
    C) alleged
    D) referred

    61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed it to her father.

    A) folded
    B) wrapped 
    C) rolled
    D) slided

     62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved health throughout the world.

    A) inconsistently
    B) supposedly 
    C) notedly
    D) markedly 

     63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.

    A) configuration 
    B) constitution 
    C) condemnation 
    D) contamination

    64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly ealized that his passport had ____ for half a year.

    A) abolished
    B) expired 
    C) amended
    D) constrained

    65. Since the information was easily____, we found it immediately.

    A) acceptable
    B) accessory 
    C) accessible
    D) possible

    66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developing ways to help sufferers ____ it.

    A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle

  67. She was____ her brains to remember the man’s time, but her bad memory failed her.

    A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting 

  68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so that one may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.

   A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile

   69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British
       ____.

   A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies

   70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____ trying to pass.

  A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave in

    Part Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes）

    Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧） in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put slash (/) in the blank.[WTHZ]

    Error Correction:

   The first man known to use a signal other than
a bonfire(大篝火)used a chandelier(枝形吊灯).
He was lord of a castle that stood near a rocky seacoast.
.He hang the chandelier, containing many            71_________
large tallow candles ,in the highest tower of his castle .
Thus he warned passing ship from the danger         72________
along the coast.

   Candles soon became the common fuel for signal lights.
They were later replaced by oil lamps,
that could burn longer and brighter. Kerosene and      73_________
gas lamps also tried .These are still in use now in      74_________
some smaller lighthouses. But today most lighthouses
sent electric light blazing out over the sea.            75_________

    The ancient fire signals could only say “Danger!
Keep off !”But the modern lighthouse also
identifies it in a code known to all shipping .Most of    76_________
the great lights have their own special signals. The
light may be one that blinks—as a giant firefly in the   77_________
night .Or it may be a revolved light that is red and      78_________
then green. Or it may be only white .But however     79__________
the signal ,it is sent very regularly. A ship within its
range is never at a loss to know which lighthouse it
is , and where it is being located .                 80__________  

Part Ⅴ Writing （30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writes a composition entitled The Tears of A Bird.Your compositiom should be based on the outline below and should be no less than 150 words.

(1)Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture;
(2)State the harmful effects of the phenomenon;
(3)Give suggestions as to how to solve the problem.
The Tears of A Bird
 

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