[2005年全国大学录取]2005年6月全国大学英语六级考试全真模拟试题

【shitiku.jxxyjl.com--四六级】

Part I Listening Comprehension （20 minutes）(略)

    Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （35 minutes）

    Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mared A）, B）, C） and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

    Passage One

    Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

    There are three basic ways in which individual economic units interact with one another. They are the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.

    In a market system, individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the market place. Transactions may take place through barter or money exchange. In a barter economy,real goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably.

    An alternative to the market system is administered control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue laws or commands as to how much each goods and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan drawn up by the government shows the amount of each commodity produced by the various firms and distributed to different households for consumption.

    In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition. Each person′s place with the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health,and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone progress may be difficult to achieve.

    21. What is the main purpose of the passage?

    A） To explain the science of economics.
B） To outline types of economic systems.
C） To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D） To compare barter and moneyexchange markets.

    22. In the second paragraph, by which of the following could the word "real" best be replaced?
A） High quality.
B） Concrete.
C） Utter.
D） Essential.

    23. According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to                  
A） rapid speed of transactions
B） misunderstandings
C） inflation
D） difficulties for the traders

    24. According to the passage who has the greatest degree of control on an administered system?
A） Individual households.
B） Small businesses.
C） Major companies.
D） The government.

    25. Which of the following statements is true?
A） The central plan drawn up by the government is mainly based on the needs of the state as a whole.
B） The economic system in China is based on the traditional system.
C） In a market system, transactions are controlled by the government.
D） In a traditional society, economy develops very fast.

    Passage Two

    Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

    In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） acts rather like a one-way mirror—the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun′s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather expert′s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities, Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth′s-chief food-growing zones.

    In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

    However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere,where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude,therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

    One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold" spots（that is, the relatively less hot spots） on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth′s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

    Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models or solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousand of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth′s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun′s diminishing heat.

    26. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would                  .
A） prevent the sun′s rays from reaching the earth′s surface
B） mean a warming up in the Arctic
C） account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere
D） raise the temperature of the earth′s surface

    27. The article was written to explain                  .
A） the greenhouse effect
B） the solar effects on the earth
C） the models of solarweather interactions
D） the causes affecting weather

    28. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is                  .
A） mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising
B） possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting
C） exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth′s climate
D） partly due to variations in the output of solar energy

    29. On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that                  .
A） the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B） it will take thousands of years fro the inertia of the earth′s climate to take effect
C） the manmade warming effect helps to increase the solar effect
D） the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

    30. If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct,                  .
A）the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
B） ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
C） the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly
D）the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth

    Passage Three

    Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

    Before the 1850′s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800′s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable （受人尊敬的 ） colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.
Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacherscholars. Drilling and learning by rote （死记硬背 ） were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor′s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze,and conduct their own research.

    At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

    31. The word "this" （sentence 8, Para. 2） refers to which of the following?
A） Creating and passing on knowledge. B） Drilling and learning by rote.
C） Disciplining students.  D） Developing moral principles.

    32. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to                  .
A） discuss moral issues B） study the classics, rhetoric, and music
C） study overseasD） work more independently

    33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, all of the following were Characteristic of higher education EXCEPT                  .
A） the elective system    B） drilling
C） strict discipline    D） rote learning

    34. Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?
A） Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.
B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.
C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.
D） Teachers should select their students courses.

    35. Why many students decided to study aboard?
A）Because thousands of young Americans wanted to go to Germany to study.
B）Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.
C）Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.
D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.

    Passage Four

    Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

    The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible.

    An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein′s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.

    The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atomsplits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance that was used in making the atom bomb.

    The political background of the atomic scientists′ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held—I think rightly—that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over,it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapon had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.

    When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese,who were already on the verge （边缘） of defeat and, in any case,did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent represent ations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.

    36. We may infer that the writer′s attitude towards the A bomb is that                  .
A） it is a necessary evil
B） it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankind
C） it played a vital part in defeating the Japanese
D） it was a wonderful invention

    37. According to the passage, an atom is heavy if                  .
A） it has a large nucleusB） it is radioactive
C） its nucleus has many electronsD） its nucleus shoots out many particles

    38. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second World War against Germany because                  .
A）the Germans had been defeated without the use of nuclear weapons
B）the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weapons
C） they thought the Germans would probably win the war
D）the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons

    39. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because                  . 
A） it was such a dangerous weapon
B） its use against the Japanese, was unnecessary
C） it was a very inhumane weapon
D） the German war was finished

    40.It is implied that the nuclear scientists                  .
A）might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threat
B） would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threat
C）would have made the bomb, under peacetime conditions, but only for the use of an international authority
D）developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessary

    Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
    Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. 
    For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and 
    D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 
    Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a 
    single line through the center.

    41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of every 
    new book published in the United Kingdom.
    A) contains B) retires
    C) retains D) conveys

    42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview he 
    was to give that afternoon.
    A) reminded … of 
    B) reassured…about 
    C) consulted…about 
    D) questioned…to

    43. The way other people behave towards us influences how 
    we____ ourselves.
    A) conceive of B) consist ofC) confront with D) conform to

    44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to 
    be and, they ____ it____.
    A) work…over B) bear…outC) live…out D) get… over

    45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____ 
    mood is one of optimism .
    A) presiding B) circulating C) floating D) prevailing

    46. These technological advances in communication have____ the 
    way people do business.
    A) revolted B) represented C) adopted D) transformed

    47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade union 
    leaders be elected from the workshops . 
    A) urged B) related C) combated D) adapted

    48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods are 
    faulty.
    A) policy B) discipline C) decision D) determination

    49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to 
     France .
    A) Efficient B) Influential C) Impressive D) Effective 

    50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.
    A) took a chance 
    B) came to nothing 
    C) went into action 
    D) got to the point

    51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she 
    tore it into pieces____A) in excitement 
    B) in disappointment 
    C) in disgust 
    D) in expectation

    52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had never 
    once paid her a compliment .
    A) oblivious to B) guilty of C) wary of D) subject to

    53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, and 
    the ability to use them appropriately____ are among the 
    distinguishing marks of command of English like a native.
    A) in context B) in practice C) in place D) in case

    54.We are still____ things here, but I can’t guarantee the 
    situation will stay that way.
    A) in memory of 
    B) in search of 
    C) in control of 
    D) in need of

    5.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard 
    to____.
    A) credit B) defy C) modify D) define

    56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensive 
    high-tech video systems and all the latest computer
equipment.
    A) luxuries B) festivities C) dimensions D) instruments

    57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is 
    not____.
    A) consistent B) insistent C) beneficent D) resistant

    58.Based on the____ that every business is now free to 
    formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I 
    would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of 
    China’s economy.
    A) guidance B) instruction C . premise D) eminence

    59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel 
    ____.
    A .on board B) at ease C) at leisure D) at heart

    60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot to 
    overthrow the governmentA) reconciled B) blended C) alleged 
    D) referred

    61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed it 
    to her father.
     A) folded B) wrapped C) rolled D) slided

     62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved health 
    throughout the world.A) inconsistently B) supposedly C) 
     notedly D) markedly 

     63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock come 
    mostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
    A) configuration 
    B) constitution 
    C) condemnation 
    D) contamination

    64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly 
    ealized that his passport had ____ for half a year.
    A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained

    65. Since the information was easily____, we found it 
    immediately.
    A) acceptable B) accessory C) accessible D) possible

    66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developing 
     ways to help sufferers ____ it.
    A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle

  67. She was____ her brains to remember the man’s time, but her 
  bad memory failed her.
  A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting 

  68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so that 
  one may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.
   A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile

   69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British 
       ____.
   A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies

   70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____ 
    trying to pass.
  A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave in

    Part Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes）

    Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧） in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put slash (/) in the blank.[WTHZ]

    Error Correction:
   The first man known to use a signal other than
a bonfire(大篝火)used a chandelier(枝形吊灯).
He was lord of a castle that stood near a rocky seacoast.
.He hang the chandelier, containing many            71_________
large tallow candles ,in the highest tower of his castle .
Thus he warned passing ship from the danger         72________
along the coast.
   Candles soon became the common fuel for signal lights.
They were later replaced by oil lamps,
that could burn longer and brighter. Kerosene and      73_________
gas lamps also tried .These are still in use now in      74_________
some smaller lighthouses. But today most lighthouses
sent electric light blazing out over the sea.            75_________
    The ancient fire signals could only say “Danger!
Keep off !”But the modern lighthouse also
identifies it in a code known to all shipping .Most of    76_________
the great lights have their own special signals. The
light may be one that blinks—as a giant firefly in the   77_________
night .Or it may be a revolved light that is red and      78_________
then green. Or it may be only white .But however     79__________
the signal ,it is sent very regularly. A ship within its
range is never at a loss to know which lighthouse it
is , and where it is being located .                 80__________  

Part Ⅴ Writing （30 minutes）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writes a composition entitled The Tears of A Bird.Your compositiom should be based on the outline below and should be no less than 150 words.

(1)Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture;
(2)State the harmful effects of the phenomenon;
(3)Give suggestions as to how to solve the problem.
The Tears of A Bird

part Ⅱ

    21. B）文章第一段点明了三种不同类型的经济体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系。由此可见，B）为正确答案。

    22. B）第二段第二句说明了物物交换的经济形式（barter economy）。可见，real一词在此指的是“实体的，具体的”。选项B）为正确答案。另三词的含义分别为“高质量”；“完全的，全然的”;“重要的”均不符合文章内容。

    23. D） 答案在第二段第四句：显然要找到想用旧车来交换帆船的人不是件容易的事。所以，物物交换会给商人带来麻烦。D）正确。

    24. D） 由第三段可知，在管理经济模式下，政府通过主导中央计划来管理控制一切的业务。由此推知，在管理经济体制中，政府具有最大限度的控制权。D）正确。

    25. A）由第三段最后一句可知，政府拟定的中央计划显示了由不同公司生产的商品的数量，并根据数量把商品分送到不同的家庭消费。所以，中央计划是根据整个国家的需求来拟定的。选项A）正确。选项B）与D）文章未提及。选项C）与内容不符。

    26. D）文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中就像温室的玻璃屋顶一样吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第三段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，正确答案为D）。

    27. D）全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项A），B），C）在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有D）是比较全面的。

    28. D）文章第四段提及这一现象时讲到，科学家们认为： 这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对天气的影响最大呢? 文章第五段第一句话给出了答案：其中一个可能就是太阳的不断变动。选项D）与此意相符。

    29. A） 文章最后一段提到科学家们模拟太阳与天气之间的相互作用，并试图找出这种模拟与数千年来真正的气候之间的相互关系。此段第二句讲到：这些模拟结果都预测全球会进入一个新的冰河时代。所以，选项A）应为正确答案。

    30. D） 本题涉及对文章最后一段最后一句话的理解。 如果有关太阳光能延缓新冰河时代到来的推测是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应将发挥有效的作用来平衡太阳日益减少的光热。选项D）与此意相符。

    31. A）第二段第八句this指代前面的“creating and passing on knowledge”。

    32. D）第二段最后一句讲到，随着研讨制度的确立，学生开始学会提出问题、分析并开展自己的研究，也即学生开始独立。

    33. A）第三段第二句说，哈佛大学校长开创了选举制度, 学生能选择自己喜爱的课程，由此可推断，A）选举制度不是1850年以前学校的一个特征，而B），C），D）都是特征。〖ZK）〗

    34. C）文中A），B），D）均为传统高校教育模式的特征，而最后一段讲到，1850年以后的大学的新目标是要使它与世界真正的要求相符合，大学须关注社会的实际需要，由此可推断，C）为正确答案。

    35. B）答案在第二段第四句：19世纪中下叶，九千多名美国人因不满美国的教育方法，来欧洲学习。故B）为正确答案。

    36. B）文章第一段第一句讲到：人类现在正生活在核时代里，而且也许很快就会死在这一时代。文章最后一段最后一句也讲到：如果七位最杰出的核科学家提出的报告能够得到政治家们的同意，我们今后就不必再恐惧了。由此可推断出作者对原子弹的态度应与选项B）相符。

    37. C）文章第二段第一句至第三句讲到：原子是由一个极小的叫做“核”的中心物质以及绕核运动着的电子组成的。氢原子只有一个电子，是最简单、最轻的原子。原子越重，电子就越多。由此可判断出选项C）为正确答案。

    38. D）文章第四段第四句讲到：二战结束后，英美两国科学家惊讶地发现德国人根本没有成功研制出核武器，因此，正确答案为D）。

    39. B）文章第五段第一句讲到：对德战争结束后，绝大多数参与研制原子弹的科学家都认为不该把它用来对付日本人，因为他们已处在战败的边缘，不像希特勒那样对世界构成威胁。因此，正确答案为B）。

    40. A）从文章第四段可以看出研制原子弹的政治背景是为了打败纳粹，所以，选项为正确答案。

    Part Ⅲ

    41.【答案】C。contain是及物动词，意思是“包括，包含”；retire是不及物动词，意思是“撤退，退休”；retain是及物动词，意思是“保持，保留，留有”；convey是不及物动词，意思是“传达，传递”。结合整句话的意思和结构，我们可知只有retain才能与right搭配。故本题的正确答案选C。

    42. 【答案】A。remind of的意思是“提醒某人某事”；reassure about的意思是“使确信”；consult about的意思是“咨询某事”；question
to没有这个结构。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是A。

    43. 【答案】A。conceive of的意思是“认为，以为，想象”；consist of的意思是“包括，包含”；confront with的意思是“使某人面对”；conform to的意思是“遵守，遵从，与…相一致”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是A。

    44. 【答案】B。work...over的意思是“彻底查”；bear...out的意思是“证明…，证实”；live...out的意思是“活过…，度过…，熬过；不在工作处住，通勤”；get...over的意思是“爬过，越过；克服，超越；淡忘，恢复；知道相信”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    45. 【答案】D。preside的意思是“主宰，主理”；circulate的意思是“循环，周流”；float的意思是“漂浮”；prevail的意思是“遍布，普遍，到处”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。

    46. 【答案】D。revolted是不及物动词，意思是“反叛，造反，反抗”；represent是及物动词，意思是“代表”；adopt是及物动词，意思是“采用，采纳”；transform是及物动词，意思是“改变，改动，更改”。根据我们的常识判断，我们也知道只有transform才能与way搭配。故本题的正确答案选D。

    47. 【答案】A。urge是及物动词，意思是“要求”；relate是及物动词，意思是“把…与…相关”；combat是及物动词，意思是“向…宣战”；adapt是及物动词，意思是“改变”。在这四个选项中，只有urge后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词能用动词原形来表示虚拟语气。故本题的正确答案选A。

    48. 【答案】B。policy的意思是“政策”，是一个比较正式的单词，一般指的是国家的政策；discipline的意思是“规矩，要求”，一般指某一机构的要求和策略；decision的意思是“决定，决心”，一般指会议的决定；determination的意思是“坚决，决心”。结合整句话的意思，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    49. 【答案】B。Efficient的意思是“效率高的”；Influential的意思是“有影响的，有影响力的”；Impressive的意思是“印象深的”；Effective的意思是“有效的”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    50. 【答案】B。took a chance的意思是“抓住机会”；came to nothing的意思是“化为泡影”；went into action的意思是“开始行动”；got to the point的意思是“适当地，得要领地”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    51. 【答案】B。in excitement的意思是“激动地”，这在意思上与整个句子的意思不一致；in disappointment的意思是“失望地”，与整句话的意思相一致；in disgust的意思是“憎恨地”，与选项B相比在意思上不够合适；in expectation的意思是“期望地”，在感情色彩上与整个句子不合拍。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    52.【答案】A。oblivious to的意思是“对…不注意”；guilty of的意思是“对…有负罪感”；wary of的意思是“小心的，机警的，慎重的”；subject to的意思是“屈服于”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是A。

    53. 【答案】B。in context的意思是“在上下文中”；in practice的意思是“在实践中”；in place的意思是“代替”；in case的意思是“万一”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    54. 【答案】D。in memory of的意思是“为纪念…”；in search of的意思是“寻找，寻求，试图发现”；in control of的意思是“管理，掌握”；in need of的意思是“需要”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。

    55. 【答案】D。credit的意思是“信赖，相信”；defy的意思是“辩驳，驳倒”；modify的意思是“修饰，修改”；define的意思是“给…下定义”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。
56. 【答案】A。luxury的意思是“豪华，奢侈品”；festivity的意思是“欢庆气氛，庆祝活动”；dimension的意思是“尺寸，大小，容积”；instrument的意思是“仪器，设备”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是A。

    57. 【答案】A。consistent的意思是“前后一致的，符合”；insistent的意思是“极力主张的，坚持要的，引人注目的”；beneficent的意思是“有同情心的，亲切的”；resistant的意思是“抵制的”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是A。

    58. 【答案】C。guidance的意思是“指导，引导，率领；学生指导，辅导”；instruction的意思是“讲授，教育，指导；命令，指示”；premise的意思是“前提，根据”；eminence的意思是“著名，名声，显赫”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是C。

    59. 【答案】B。on board的意思是“在船上，在飞机上”；at ease的意思是“放松，稍息”；at  leisure的意思是“空闲的，有空的”；at heart的意思是“在心底，实际上”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    60. 【答案】C。reconcile的意思是“使和好，调停”；blend的意思是“混合，调和”；allege的意思是“宣称，指控”；refer的意思是“指，参考”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是C。
61. 【答案】A。fold是及物动词，意思是“折叠”；wrap是及物动词，意思是“把…用…包起来”；roll是及物动词，意思是“滚动，转动，把…搓成卷”；slide是不及物动词，意思是“顺着…滑动”。fold the letter是常用短语，意思是“把信折起来”。况且，根据我们的常识判断，我们也会知道是“把信折起来”。故本题的正确答案选A。

    62. 【答案】D。inconsistently的意思是“矛盾地，不协调地”；supposedly的意思是“原则上，想象上，恐怕，大概”；notedly的意思是“著名地”；markedly的意思是“显著地，明显地”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。

    63. 【答案】D。condemnation的意思是“谴责”；configuration的意思是“构造，结构，外形”；constitution的意思是“建立，设立，制定，任命”；contamination的意思是“污染，污染物”。结合整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。

    64. 【答案】B。expire的意思是“（一段时间）终止，到期”；abolish的意思是“废止，废除，革除（战争，奴役，旧习俗）”；amend的意思是“改善，改良，改正”；constrain的意思是“强迫，勉强（某人）做某事，（良心、内在力量）驱使”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是B。

    65. 【答案】C。acceptable的意思是“可以接受的”；accessory是名词，其意思是“附件，附属品”；accessible的意思是“可以接近的，可进入的，可用的，可参观的”；possible的意思是“可能的”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是C。

    66. 【答案】D。retard的意思是“阻止，妨碍”；eradicate的意思是“根除，削减”；dispense的意思是“分配，分发，分给”；handle的意思是“处理，对付”。根据整句话的意思和搭配判断，我们可知本题的正确答案是D。

    67. 【答案】C。hit是及物动词，意思是“击，打”；beat是及物动词，意思是“打，战胜”；rack是及物动词，意思是“过度剥削”；exhaust是及物动词，意思是“使筋疲力尽”。结合整句话的意思和结构，我们可知只有rack才能与brains一起构成固定搭配rack one’ s brains。故本题的正确答案选C。 

    68. 【答案】B。peer是不及物动词，意思是“凝视，注视”；peek是不及物动词，意思是“偷看，窥视”；peel是及物动词，意思是“削皮”；pile是及物动词，意思是“堆积”。结合整句话的意思和结构，我们可知本题的正确答案选B。

    69. 【答案】A。counterpart的意思是“互相对应的人和物，配对物”；equal的意思是“同等的人”；one是代词，意思是“一个”；copy的意思是“复制品”。结合整句话的意思和结构，我们可知本题的正确答案选A。

    70. 【答案】A。gave up的意思是“放弃”；gave away的意思是“送掉，赠送”；gave off意思是“发出，释放出”；gave in意思是“屈服”。结合整句话的意思和结构，我们可知本题的正确答案选A。 

    Part IV

    71． hang 意作“悬挂”时，时态变化“hang，hung，hung”；意作“吊死，该死”时，时态变化为“hang ，hanged ，hanged”。此处作“悬挂”讲，且全篇叙述都用的是过去时，所以应该使用过去式hung。

    72． “warn sb of sth ”为固定搭配，所以将from改成of。

    73． 定语从句中，如先行词后出现逗号，为非限制性定语从句，则关系代词应用which。

    74． “tired”不是动词，是分词形式的形容词。一个句子中不可能没有谓语动词，所以填上一个“were”，因为“be tired”表示“劳累”。

    75． “B.ut today ”暗示这句话应转为现在时，所以应把过去式sent改成现在时send。

    76． “modern lighthouse”辩认identify 的对象是它自己，所以应该使用反身代词itself。

    77． 此句意思是“light”像“giant firefly ”，as不表示“像”的意思，所以将其改成like。

    78． 动词变成形容词修饰名词时，如果与名词是主谓关系，动词变成-ing形式，如果与名词是动宾关系，动词变成过去分词形式。“light”与“revolve”应是主谓关系，所以应用动名词形式revolving来修饰名词light。

    79． How 与however后面直接接形容词，然后再加名词，如：How beautiful the flowers are ！what 与whatever后面直接接名词，如：What beautiful flowers！此句应用whatever，因为 其后紧跟着一个名词“the signal”。

    80．and 前后句子结构对称，“which lighthouse it is ”与“where it isolated”对称，不需要being。另外，此处强调的是状态，不是动作，“being”表示正在定位于何处。

        Model Composition

        As can be clearly seen from the cartoon, a bird is sitting on the top of a huge ax, with tears streaming from its eyes. Because all the trees are cut down, the bird will have no habitat. The cartoon conveys the meaning that it is urgent to preserve the woods for the birds and protect the environment for human beings.

        The cutting of trees, as well as the destruction of our environment, may lead to several harms as follows. In the first place, the trees provide us with many vital things we humans need, such as oxygen, food, shelter and so on. The animals, such as the bird in the picture, also need the trees. In the second place, if trees are cut down, then there will be nothing to retain the rain water, thus floods will happen more often in the future. Last but not least, there is only one earth. If the environment is destroyed, then we will have no place to live in.



         Since this phenomenon causes so many harmful effects, we have to come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”, just as our government has been doing. What’s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.

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