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the summer palace
  good morning ladies and gentlemen:
  my name is joanne. i’m very honored to be youre guide. i do hope all
  of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant
  day. this morning we are going to visit the summer palace.
  the summer palace is located on the northwest suburbs of beijing,
  about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. so it will
  take us about 1 hour to get there. before we arrived at the summer
  palace, i would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the
  woderful imperial garden. the summer palace is the most beautiful
  and the largest imperial garden existing in chinan, and it is the
  best-preserved imperial garden in the world. in 1998, it was placed
  on the list of world cultural heritage by the unesco.
  the summer palace was first built as an imperial garden at the
  beginning of 12th century in the jin dynasty. the construction
  continued to the yuan and ming dynasties. in the qing dynasty, the
  building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. during emperor
  qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘three hills and five gardens’ were
  built on the northwest suburbs of beijing. the summer palace was a
  part of it and at that time was called the garden of clear ripples.
  in 1860, the anglo-french allied forces invaded beijing. the ‘three
  hills and five gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.
  in 1888, the empress dowager cixi spent the navy fund having the
  garden of clear ripples rebuilt. and then she renamed it the garden
  of nurtured harmony (summer palace).
  in 1900, the allied forces of eight powers invaded beijing. the
  summer palace was once again severely damaged. it was rebuilt again
  in 1902.
  in 1924, the last emperor puyi was driven out of the palace, after
  that, the summer palace was turned into a public park.
  ladies and gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an
  archway. it is called “emptiness and the collection of excellence”,
  and it is the first scenery of the summer palace. the two chinese
  words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to
  everything in nature and in the scenery. the two words on the back
  side mean collection of excellence and refer to the tranquility of
  the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
  (outside the east palace gate)
  now, we have arrived at the east palace gate. it’s the main entrance
  of the summer palace. on top of the gate there is a plaque with
  three chinese characters ‘the summer palace’ in emperor guangxu’s
  handwriting. the gate that we are now entering was used by the
  emperor, the empress only in the old days.
  (inside the east palace gate)
  now we are inside the summer palace. in front of us is the second
  gate of the summer palace— the gate of benevolence and longevity.
  the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and
  the offices of the privy council. well, before we start our tour in
  the garden, i will briefly introduce you the layout of the summer
  palace and our tour route. o.k., ladies and gentlemen, may i have
  your attention please? let’s look at the map together, from it we
  can see the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the
  lake occupies the three-fourths. the whole garden can be divide into
  three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places
  of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. our tour will
  start from the area of the political activities, and end off the
  marble boat. on the way, we will visit the main constructions of the
  summer palace, such as the hall of jade ripples, the hall of
  happiness and longevity, the long corridor, the hall of dispelling
  clouds and so on. it will take us about two hours to visit the
  summer palace. please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver
  will pick us up at the north gate. should you get lost or separated
  from the group, please meet us at the north gate.
  ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the
  hall of benevolence and longevity. follow me please.
  (inside the courtyard of the benevolence and longevity)
  passing through the gate of benevolence and longevity, we have
  already entered the courtyard of the hall of benevolence and
  longevity. the huge rock in front of us is taihu rock. it was
  quarried from taihu lake in jiangsu province, so it was known as
  taihu rock. please look around the courtyard and you can see there
  are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this
  courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. the taihu
  rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and
  they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.
  the bronze mythical animal behind the taihu rock is known as suanni
  or some people call it qilin. according to ancient chinese
  mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real
  dragon. suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. it was an
  auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds.
  suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox
  and the tail of lion.
  (in front of the hall of benevolence and longevity)
  this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was
  first built in 1750. the name of this hall taken from a book
  entitled ‘lun yu’ by confucius doctrine means, “ those who are
  benevolent can enjoy a long life.” this hall was the place where
  emperor guangxu and empress dowager cixi held audience and handled
  state affairs when they were in the summer palace. for protecting
  the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. so i
  would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the hall of
  benevolence and longevity. the arrangement of the hall has been left
  untouched. in the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne
  carved with nine dragons on design. there are two big fans on both
  sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. behind
  the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame
  and glass mirror inlaid. on the mirror there are 226 chinese
  characters of the word ‘longevity’ written in different styles.
  there are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big chinese
  character ‘longevity’ written on it. it was said that the word
  ‘longevity’ written by empress dowager cixi. there are 100 bats
  painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
  well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape
  of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. they were used to
  burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. in the old
  days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and
  empress. according to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the
  center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.
  however, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes
  are in the middle. this was a product of the end of qing dynasty
  when empress dowager cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
  (at the entrance of garden of virtuour harmony)
  we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor
  qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with bejing opera
  performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand
  theater building and the hall of pleasure smile. the grand theater
  building was known as the ‘cradle of beijing opera’ was uniquely
  laid out and magnificently decorated. there are 7 exhibition halls
  with articles of daily use on display here.
  (in front of the grand theater building)
  this is the grand theater building. of the three main theater
  buildings of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the
  tallest and largest one. the other two are changyin pavilion in the
  forbidden city and qingyin pavilion in the mountain resort in
  chengde. the grand theater building, a three-storied structure, has
  a double roof with upturned eaves. it is 21 meters high and 17
  meters wide. performances could be staged simultaneously on three
  levels. the top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was
  emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. each
  level has the entrance and the exit. there are some trapdoors in the
  ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from
  the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a
  certain atmosphere on the stage. there is also a well and five ponds
  built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. the stage
  is open to three sides.
  well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the
  grand theater building, it’s the hall of pleasure smile. the empress
  dowager cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the
  peking opera.
  (a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of
  jade ripples)
  we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of
  benevolence and longevity. it appears that there’s nothing special
  ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming
  lake. this is an application of a specific style of chinese
  gardening.
  now, we are walking along the bank of the kunming lake. look over
  there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. it’s called the
  spring heralding islet. the pavilion on the islet is called the
  spring heralding pavilion. a number of willow trees and peach trees
  were planted on this islet. in early spring, when the ice begins to
  melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a
  tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. hence the
  name ‘heralding sping pavilion’.
  (in front of the hall of jade ripples)
  this group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the hall of
  jade ripples. the words “jade ripples” came from a verse “gentle
  ripples gushing out of jade spring”, which refers to the rippling
  water in the lake. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend
  to state affairs. in the late qing dynasty, it was where emperor
  guangxu was put under house arrest.
  this hall is a hallmark of the movement of 1898. emperor guangxu was
  emperor dowager cixi’s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, emperor
  dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a
  successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. she
  ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. after emperor guangxu
  ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political
  conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. in
  1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the
  core principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws.
  the movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by empress
  dowager cixi. it was called the ‘hundred-day reform’. after the
  reform failed, emperor guangxu was put under house arrest here. for
  the strict control of him, empress dowager cixi ordered to build
  many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of
  the hall of jade ripples. at that time the hall was entirely sealed
  up, just like a prison. today only the hidden walls in the east and
  west annex room still maintain its original appearance. it is open
  to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 reform movement.
  (in front of the chamber of collecting books)
  this is the chamber of collecting books. in chinese, it’s called “yi
  yun guang”. “yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. in ancient times, it
  was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were
  stored.in the emperor qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was
  for collecting books. later it was converted into a residence. there
  used to be the residence of guangxu’s empress longyu, and his
  favorite concubine zhenfei.
  (in the hall of happiness and longevity)
  this group of courtyard is the hall of happiness and longevity. it
  was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the
  residence of empress dowager cixi. the whole compound was basically
  made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. with its
  quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made
  life very easy and convenient. in front of the hall of happiness and
  longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this
  courtyard named “qing zhi xiu” and nicknamed as “family bankruptcy
  rock”. this huge rock was discovered in fangshan district by a ming
  official mi wanzhong. he wanted to transport it to his own garden
  “shaoyuan”. in the old days, transporting such rock was very
  difficult. after spending all his money to ship it, he still could
  not succeed in doing this. the big rock was then left on the
  roadside somewhere near liangxiang county, 30 kilometers southwest
  of beijing. hence it was nicknamed “family bancruptcy rock”. later
  emperor qianlong discovered it and transported to the garden of
  clear ripples and laid in front of the hall of happiness and
  longevity. the colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall
  was introduced from germany in 1903. it is one of the earliest
  electric lights in china.
  (in front of the gate of inviting the moon of the long corridor)
  ladies and gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums
  in the world, such as the louvre in france and the museum of great
  britain. now i will show you a special gallery in the palace—the
  long corridor. in 1990, the long corridor was listed in the guinness
  book of world records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the
  world’. it would be a pity if we leave the summer palace without
  visiting the long corridor and the marble boat. now, here we go, the
  long corridor first!
  (strolling along the long corridor)
  the long corridor starts from the gate inviting the moon to the
  shizhang gate. it is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections.
  the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer
  palace. since the corridor was designed to follow the physical
  features of the southern slope of longevity hill, four
  multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( retaining the goodness
  pavilion, living with the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion,
  clear and far pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they
  represent four seaons of a year. thus visitors will hardly notice
  the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the
  architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves
  as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered
  buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified
  complex.
  the long corridor is the longest covered veranda in any chinese
  garden. on the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are
  over 14,000 suzhou style paintings. among them, there are 546 color
  paintings relating to the scenes of west lake in hangzhou, zhejiang
  province. beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there
  are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and
  figures. the paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient
  chinese classical literature, such as ‘pilgrimage to the west’, ‘the
  romance of the three kingdoms’, ‘the western chamber’, “water
  margin’, and ‘the dream of the red mansion’.
  (in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)
  now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the
  lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of
  dispelling clouds. the central axis line starts from the wharf next
  to the lake to the sea of wisdom on top of the hill. the main
  architectural structures here are the gate of dispelling clouds,
  hall of dispelling clouds, tower of buddhist incense and the sea of
  wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional
  landscape. the layout of this group of architectures was based on
  scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structures are
  among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.
  this is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about
  15 minutes.
  now we are walking continuely along the long corridor, the next
  scene we are going to visit is marble boat.
  look over there! halfway up the slope there stands the hall of
  listening to orioles. it was the place for emperor and empress to
  enjoy opera and court music. it is said the singing of orioles is
  very pleasing. before the garden of virtuous harmony was built,
  empress dowager cixi enjoyed opera and music here. now the hall is
  one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial
  dishes and desserts.
  this is the famous marble boat. a famous scientist of china’s
  eastern han dynasty once said, “water can float the boat, but it can
  also tip it over.” a prime minister of tang dynasty wei zheng once
  used these words to persuade li shimin, the emperor of the tang
  dynasty. he said people are water and the emperor is the boat.
  people can support a good emperor. however, they also can overthrow
  the dynasty. emperor qianlong built this huge boat in the garden in
  order to make the allusion concrete. on one hand, emperor qianlong
  encouraged himself to run the country well. on the other hand, he
  wanted to show that his rule of the qing dynasty was as firm as the
  marble boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. the
  marble boat was the place for emperor qianlong to sample tea and
  enjoy the scenery of kunming lake. emperor qianlong once came here
  to engage in the freeing of captive animals. in the times of
  qianlong, the marble boat was a chinese styled stone boat with a
  chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. when it was
  rebuilt in the times of guangxu, a foreign and chinese elements
  mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each
  side. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows
  were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. a big mirror was installed
  on the superstructure for viewing rain.
  our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the marble boat.
  today we only visited the major scenic spots of the summer palace. i
  have left other spots of interest for your next visit.
  i will now show you out through the ruyi gate. our coach is waiting
  for us outside the gate. i do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. thank
  you.

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